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Geometry > Biology Fianl Exam > Flashcards

Biology Fianl Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Levels of organization

A

Cell- tissue- organ- organ system- organism- population- community- ecosystem- biosphere

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues in humans and what do they do

A

Epithelial- skin
Connective- connect stuff
Muscle- muscle
Nerve- transmit signals to and from the brain to the body

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2
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintaining conditions needed to live; balance

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3
Q

Monomers of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids

A

Proteins- amino acids
Carbohydrates- monosaccharides
Lipids- glycerol and fatty acids
Nucleic acid- nucleotides

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4
Q

What macromolecule us our main source of energy

A

Glucose

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5
Q

Who is the father of evolution

A

Charles Darwin

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6
Q

Where did Darwin explore to write his major work

A

Galápagos Islands

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7
Q

What ideas did Darwin propose

A

Natural selection and survival of the fittest

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8
Q

What people influenced Darwin

A

James Hutton, Charles Lyell, jean baptist-Lamark

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9
Q

What does “fitness” mean

A

Ability to survive

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10
Q

What is a vestigial structure

A

Present but not useful

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11
Q

What is an analogous structure

A

Same function but different structure

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12
Q

What are homologous structures

A

Same structure and different function

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13
Q

What is binomial nomenclature

A

Classification with 2 words

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14
Q

Order of classification

A

Domain kingdom phylum class order genus species

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15
Q

What are the 2 different types of bacteria and how are they classified

A

Archaebacteria and eubacteria. Archae are survivors and eubacteria are everyday

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16
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria

A

Spirillium- spiral
Bacillus- rod
Coccus- sphere

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17
Q

What is the basic structure of a virus

A

Nucleic acid closed by a protein

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18
Q

What is the 10% rule and where does the other 90% go

A

Only 10% of energy is passed from consumer to consumer. The other 90% is lost as heat and mechanical energy

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19
Q

What is nitrogen fixation and what does it do

A

When certain bacteria turn atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds

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20
Q

How many directions does energy flow in the environment?

A

1

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21
Q

What is diffusion

A

A substance going from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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22
Q

What 3 organelles are in plant cells but not animal cells

A

Plastid, chloroplast , central vacuole

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23
Q

What are the steps of the cell cycle

A

G1, S, G2, Prophase Metaphase anaphase telophase

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24
Q

What is cancer

A

An undying cell

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25
Q

What is DNA made of

A

Deroxiribose sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen base

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26
Q

What is RNA made of

A

Ribose sugar , phosphate and a nitrogen base

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27
Q

After replication what are the double Helixes made of

A

An old stand and a new strand

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28
Q

What’s the equation for cellular respiration

A

C6h1206 + o2 yields h20 + co2

29
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

H20 + co2 yields c6h12o6 + o2

30
Q

What’s the starting molecule for glycolysis

A

Glucose

31
Q

Why does fermentation occur instead of respiration

A

Lack of oxygen

32
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A

Chloroplasts

33
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur

A

Mitochondria

34
Q

What organisms perform photosynthesis

A

Plants

35
Q

What organisms preform cellular respiration

A

All

36
Q

What is the definition of a hybrid

A

Offspring of parents with different genes

37
Q

Who is the father of genetics and what did he discover

A

Gregor Mendel expiramented on the different generations of pea plants

38
Q

What is the definition of a protist

A

A large and diverse group of eukaryotic micro organisms

39
Q

What Common diseases do protists cause

A

Malaria and amoebic osentary

40
Q

How are protists classified

A

How they obtain nutrients

41
Q

How do fungus like protists get energy

A

From decaying matter

42
Q

How are animal like protists classified

A

How they move

43
Q

What’s the definition of fungus

A

A one or more felled organism feeding on organic matter

44
Q

What ways do fungi feed

A

On dead matter, living matter, and soil

45
Q

How do fungi reproduce

A

With spores

46
Q

What is hyphae

A

The roots of mushrooms

47
Q

What is mycelium

A

The Mat of mushroom hyphae

48
Q

What’s rhizoid

A

The undergrowth of hair on a fungi

49
Q

What is the most important role of fungi in the environment

A

To break down living matter

50
Q

What are the most common fungal diseases

A

Athletes foot and ringworm

51
Q

What are fungi cell walls made of

A

Chitin

52
Q

What is chitin

A

An ultra complex sugar that makes up the cell walls of fungi

53
Q

What is a cuticle on plants

A

The waxy layer on plants

54
Q

What are guard cells in plants

A

Control gas exchange in plants

55
Q

What is phloem in plants

A

Food

56
Q

What is xylem in plants

A

Water

57
Q

What is mesophyll

A

The inner tissue if plants where the chloroplasts are

58
Q

What are stomata

A

The openings in plants where gas exchange occurs

59
Q

What’s the difference between monocots and dicots

A

The number of seed leaves

60
Q

What are the major functions of leaves

A

To collect gas and light

61
Q

What are the 3 tropisms and what causes them to occur

A

Gravitropism- grows down
Phototropism- towards light
Figmotropism- towards other objects

62
Q

The term “vascular tissue” in plants refers to what

A

Tissue that moves food and water

63
Q

Moving to land required plants to form what adaptations

A

Rigid cell wall, vascular system, seeds

64
Q

What are plant cell walls composed of

A

Cellulose

65
Q

What is fruit

A

Encasement of a seed

66
Q

What is cephelization in animals

A

The concentration of sensory organs at the front of the body

67
Q

What’s the difference be tween an opened and closed circulatory system

A

Whether the blood Is contained or not

68
Q

What are the 3 types of symmetry

A

Bilateral
Radial
Asymmetry

69
Q

The chordate phylum has what 4 special characteristics

A

Nodochorde
Tubular central nervous system
Phanigial pouch to breathe
A tail

70
Q

When does crossing over occur

A

Prophase

71
Q

Why us crossing over important to Genetic diversity

A

It creates diversity

Geometry (7 decks)

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