Biology Flashcards
What is a point mutation
A mutation the the letters of the DNA
How many chromosomes in a normal human karyotype
46
What is a chromosomal mutation
A mutation in the number of chromosomes
Genes contain instructions
Proteins
What is a genotype
The letters of a certain trait
What is a phenotype
The physical trait
What are restriction enzymes
The are chemical scissors that cut the DNA
What is Codominence
Where both traits are present
What is incomplete dominance
Where neither trait is dominant so they mix
What is a poly genetic trait
One where many genotypes are involved and many phenotype a are possible.
What is haploid
Half the number of chromosomes (23 for humans)
What is diploid
Twice the number of chromosomes(46 for humans)
Where was Charles Darwin influenced the most
The Galápagos Islands
What book did Darwin write
The origin of species
What is the short definition of evolution
Change over time
What are the 2 main sources of genetic variation
Mutation and crossing over
What is the first and second word in a scientific name
Genus then species
What do fossils show
Evolution
What kingdoms contain cell walls
Plantae fungi and bacteria
What is homeostasis
Equilibrium and maintaining internal conditions
What is metabolism
The sum of all total chemical reactions in an organism
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino acids
What is the function of proteins
To do stuff around the body
What are the monomers of lipids
Fatty acids
Where are lipids located
The cell membrane
What are the monomers of deroxiribose nucleic acid
Nucleotide
What are the levels of organization
Atom Molecule cell tissue organ organ system organism population community ecosystem biosphere
What is the equation for photosynthesis
Water + c02 yields 02 and glucose
What is the equation for cellular respiration
Glucose + oxygen yields water and co2
What are the 2 categories of cells and what are they based on
Eukaryotic and prokyarotic. The presence or absence if a nuclear membrane
How many ATP molecules are made in glycolysis
2
What makes your muscles burn
A build up of lactic acid
What is the difference of products of mitosis and miosis
Mitosis makes 2 identical diploid cells and and miosis makes 4 haploid cells
What’s the difference between a polymer and a monomer
Monomers make up polymers
What are the steps of miosis
PMAT
What is disruptive selection
When the middle trait is not favored and either extreme is favored
What is directional selection
When something is selectively bred for a certain trait
What is stabilizing selection
When the extremes are dropped and the middle trait is favored
