Biology (feb mocks) Flashcards
Where is Insulin produced?
The pancreas
What does Insulin do?
Bind to cells to absorb glucose into glycogen when glucose levels are too high
What is glycogen?
A stored form of glucose
In what type of people is type 2 diabetes common?
older people, people with long-term unhealthy diets
what causes type 2 diabetes?
cells become resistant to insulin and don’t take enough glucose from bloodstream
What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?
a healthy low sugar diet and exercise
What is metabolism?
the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body
What does the thyroid gland produce? do?
thyroxine
What is the negative feedback system for thyroid levels?
when thyroxine levels are low, the pirtuitary gland releases TSH which triggers the thyroid gland to produc thyroxine into the blood. when increased levels are detected, TSH production is stopped and levels fall.
What does thyroxine do?
Thyroxine stimulates metabolic rate and controls the speed at which oxygen and food products react to release energy for the body to use
How do you calculate BMI?
Weight/height^2
What is stage one in the menstrual called? How long does it last?
Menstruation - days 1-4
What happens in stage one of the menstrual cycle? How long does it last?
Uterus lining is broken down, bleeding
What is stage two in the menstrual called? How long does it last?
Proliferative phase - days 4-13
What happens in stage two of the menstrual cycle? How long does it last?
Uterus lining builds back up again to prepare for fertilised egg
What is stage three in the menstrual called? How long does it last?
Ovulation - day 14
What happens in Stage three of the menstrual cycle?
egg is released
What is stage four of the menstrual cycle called? How long does it last?
The premenstrual phase - days 15-28
What happens in stage four of the menstrual cycle?
maintenance of the uterus lining
What does FSH stand for?
Follicle stimulating hormone
What does LH stand for?
Lutenising Hormone
What does Oestrogen do?
repairs and thickens the uterus lining,
stimulates production of LH and
stimulates the production of LH
What does Progesterone do?
maintains uterus lining,
inhibits FSH and LH
What does LH do?
Stimulates egg release
What does FSH do?
matures the egg in the ovary,
stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
What is translocation?
The transport of sugars through the phloem
Does translocation require energy?
Yes - it is active transport
Does the phloem have cytoplasm?
Yes
Is translocation biodirectional? What does this mean?
yes - sucrose can be transported either up or down the phloem
