Biology: ERI Test

Question 1

Hormone

Answer 1

Substance produced in one part of an organism that affects another part of the same organism

Question 2

Target Cell

Answer 2

Cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone

Question 3

Exocrine Gland

Answer 3

Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts

Question 4

Endocrine Gland

Answer 4

Gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream

Question 5

Prostaglandin

Answer 5

Hormonelike fatty acid that only affects nearby cells

Question 6

Puberty

Answer 6

Period of rapid growth and sexual maturation in which the reproductive system becomes fully functional

Question 7

Menstrual Cycle

Answer 7

Cycle during which eggs develop, are released, and the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg

Question 8

Zygote

Answer 8

Fertilized egg

Question 9

Implantation

Answer 9

When a blastocyst attaches to the uterus wall

Question 10

Differentiation

Answer 10

Specialization of cell’s structure and function

Question 11

Placenta

Answer 11

Organ through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon-dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embyro and mother

Question 12

Disease

Answer 12

Any change, other than injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body

Question 13

Vector

Answer 13

Animal that carries pathogens from person to person

Question 14

Immunity

Answer 14

Ability of the body to resist a specific pathogen

Question 15

Fever

Answer 15

Elevated body temperature that occurs in response to infection

Question 16

Inflammatory Response

Answer 16

Nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

Question 17

Immune Response

Answer 17

The body’s specific defenses that attack a disease causing agent

Question 18

Antigen

Answer 18

A substance that causes an immune response

Question 19

Antibody

Answer 19

A protein that helps destroy pathogens

Question 20

Vaccination

Answer 20

Injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity

Question 21

Active Immunity

Answer 21

Immunity produced by exposure to an antigen, as a result of the immune reponse

Question 22

Passive Immunity

Answer 22

Short-term immunity caused when antibodies produced by other animals for a pathogen are injected into the body

Question 23

Allergy

Answer 23

Overreaction of the immune system to antigens

Question 24

Histamine

Answer 24

Chemical that increases the flow of blood and fluids to the surrounding area

Question 25

Neurulation

Answer 25

Development of the nervous system

Question 26

Humoral Immunity

Answer 26

Immunity against antigens and pathogens in the body fluids

Question 27

Cell-mediated Immunity

Answer 27

Immunity against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells

Question 28

Pathogen

Answer 28

Disease-causing agent

Question 29

Antibiotic

Answer 29

Compound that prevents growth of bacteria

Question 30

Fertilization

Answer 30

When male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Question 31

What makes up the endocrine system?

Answer 31

Glands that release their products into the bloodstream

Question 32

What makes up the nonspecific defense against pathogens?

Answer 32

Skin, mucus, saliva, tears, etc.

Question 33

What are the main glands of the endocrine system?

Answer 33

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pineal gland, thyroid, pancreas, ovary, testis

Question 34

Hypothalamus

Answer 34

Controls the pituitary gland

Question 35

Pituitary

Answer 35

Regulates other endocrine glands

Question 36

Parathyroid

Answer 36

Regulates calcium

Question 37

Thymus

Answer 37

Stimulates proper immune response during childhood

Question 38

Adrenal

Answer 38

Helps body respond to stress

Question 39

Pineal

Answer 39

Controls circadian rhythms (melatonin)

Question 40

Thyroid

Answer 40

Regulates metabolism (thyroxine)

Question 41

Pancreas

Answer 41

Regulates blood sugar

Question 42

Ovary

Answer 42

Produces estrogen and progesterone

Question 43

Testis

Answer 43

Produces testosterone