Biology EOY Flashcards

1
Q

Why is carbon important to living things?

A

Carbon is essential to living things because it forms the backbone of all organic molecules which are necessary for life.eg proteins and DNA

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2
Q

What happens to the heart after a blockage in canary arteries?

A

A blockage in the Coronary arteries restricts blood flow to the heart muscle which leads to chest pain or a heart attack.

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3
Q

What does transpiration mean?

A

Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is released from the plant into the atmosphere via the stomata.

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4
Q

What affects the rate of transpiration?

A

Humidity
Light intensity
Temperature

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5
Q

Abiotic factors that affect population growth/size are?

A

Temperature
Water availability
SunLight availability

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6
Q

What does translocation mean?

A

Translocation in plants is the movement of nutrients and sugars,mainly through the phloem from sources to sinks.

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7
Q

What are sugar sources?

A

Sugar sources are parts of the plant that produce sugar. Photosynthesizing leafs

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8
Q

What are sugar sinks?

A

Sugar sinks are parts of the plant that require sugar. eg roots and stems

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9
Q

What is the xylem vessel?

A

The xylem vessel is a part of the plant that transports water and minerals from the root to the rest of the plant.

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10
Q

The structure of the xylem vessel?

A

Is made up of dead hollow cells with lignin-reinforced walls for strength and perforations plates for water flow .

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11
Q

Why is transpiration necessary?

A

Transpiration is necessary for transporting water and nutrients from roots to leaves, cooling the plant, and facility photosynthesis.

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12
Q

List 3 biotic factors

A

Animals
Plants
Fungi

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13
Q

Chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy β†’ C6H12O6 + 6O2

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14
Q

What makes the xylem vessel special as it relates to structure?

A

The xylem vessel is special because it has thick lignin-reinforced walls for strength and perforation plates that allow efficient water flow, making it well adapted to its function

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15
Q

How does blood clot?

A

Blood clots when platelets stick to the injury site, clotting factors trigger a cascade, and fibrin forms a mesh to stabilize the plug and stop bleeding.

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16
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria carries out a function know as cellular respiration with the use a respatory enzymes

17
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls what leaves and enters the cell.

18
Q

Function of the cell wall?

A

The cell walls supports and protects the cell.

19
Q

What does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?

A

High humidity slows down transpiration because the air already has much water vapor, reducing the gradient for water to evaporate from the leaf.