Biology End Of Year Y8 Flashcards
What substances are made during aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
glucose+oxygen->
carbon dioxide+water
What is a carbon dioxide in terms of respiration?
A waste product
Why can’t all the energy be released from glucose molecules in anaerobic respiration?
Because the oxidation is incomplete
What is oxidation?
A chemical reaction that involves a substance coming into contact with oxygen
What are the 5 food groups?
Fruit and veg, carbohydrates, proteins, dairy, lipids
What do fruit and veg provide our bodies?
Vitamins and fibre
What do carbohydrates provide our bodies?
Slow-release energy
What do proteins provide our bodies?
Growth, bone repair and muscle building
What does diary provide our bodies?
Calcium
Why do we need calcium from dairy?
To strengthen teeth and bones
Why do we need lipids?
To store energy
As well as a healthy diet, what else do we need?
Water and exercise
What do we need to add to food to test for starch?
Iodine
What will happen if a test for starch is positive?
It will go blue/black
What do we need to do to test for glucose?
Add a few drops of Benedict’s and then put the test tube in a hot water bath for 5 minutes
What will happen if a test for glucose is positive?
It will go green to orange to brick red precipitate
What do we need to do to test for protein?
Add a few drops of Biruet working solution
What will happen if a test for protein is positive?
It will go purple
What do we need to do to test for lipids?
Add 2cm cubed of ethanol and shake, add 2cm cubed of water and shake again and allow to settle
What will happen if a test for lipids is positive?
It will go milky white on top
What are the four types of teeth?
Molars, premolars, incisors and canines
What type of teeth form at 6 months old?
Milk teeth
When do milk teeth fall out?
At 5 years old
What do we need to do to keep teeth healthy?
Brush twice a day, floss between teeth, eat less sugary foods and go to the dentist
What is the outer shell that covers the tooth?
Enamel
What is the hollow part of the tooth that contain blood vessels and nerves?
The pulp cavity
What has tiny tubes that goes from the pulp cavity to the blood capillaries?
The dentine
What do molars and premolars do?
To tear and grind food into small bits
What do canines do?
Rip and tear food
What do incisors do?
Chop and grind food into small bits
What is tartar?
Plaque that has hardened over time
What is gingivitis?
Gum disease
What does the mouth do in digestion?
Break down the food and mix it with saliva enzymes
What is the œsophages in the digestive system?
A tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach
What does the liver do in the digestive system?
It releases bile into food to break down lipids
What is the stomach and what does it do?
It is a muscular bag which mixes foods with acid
What does the pancreas do in digestion?
It releases enzymes into the intestines to break down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
What does the small intestine do?
It digests lipids, carbohydrates and proteins are digested, with the nutrients from them being put into the blood
What does the large intestine do?
It takes in food that cannot break down.
What does the rectum do?
It stores indigestes food as faeces
What do bones do?
Protect organs, especially the brain
How many bones do adults have?
206
What moves bones?
Muscles
What keeps bones together?
Joints
What do muscles work in?
Antagony
What are the lungs protected by?
Ribs
The air that your breathe goes down the trachea and through two tubes called the…
Bronchi
At the end of the bronchi, you find two smaller tubes called…
Bronchioles
What is at the end of the bronchioles?
Alveoli (air sacs)
Where does gas exchange take place?
In the alveoli
