BIOLOGY END OF YEAR 3RD FORM BIG DECK OF CARDS Flashcards
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars made up of a single ring of carbon atoms
What is glucose?
The carbohydrate transported in mammalian blood and is the sugar broken down in respiration
Where is fructose found?
Often found in fruit. Found in nectar to attract insects to flowers
What are disaccharides?
Simple sugars made up of 2 rings of carbon atoms
What is maltose made of?
2 glucose molecules linked together
What is maltose formed from?
From starch when seeds germinate
What is fructose made from?
A glucose molecule and a fructose molecule linked together
What are polysaccharides?
Complex sugars made up of hundreds of monosaccharides. They are insoluble in water and do not taste sweet
Why are lipids (fats) important in the diet?
- Fat is an important energy source. Can be stored and broken down for respiration
- Useful for storing energy because it contains twice as much energy per g as carbohydrates
- Fat is needed to make cell membranes (phospholipids) and for insulation
- Animals in cold climates often have think layers of fat under the skin (blubber)
- Fats form some of the hormones used in homeostasis and other biological processes
What is the chemical equation of glucose?
C6 H12 O6
What is a protein molecule?
A long chain of many small molecules, called amino acids, joined together
How many amino acids are there, and how do they work?
There are 20 different amino acids. They are joined together in different sequences to make different proteins
How do amino acids affect the function of a protein?
Proteins fold to produce a specific shape. The final shape depends on the amino acid sequence. The function of the protein depends on the shape of the protein.
How can temperature effect protein?
