BIOLOGY END OF YEAR 3RD FORM BIG DECK OF CARDS Flashcards

1
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugars made up of a single ring of carbon atoms

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2
Q

What is glucose?

A

The carbohydrate transported in mammalian blood and is the sugar broken down in respiration

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3
Q

Where is fructose found?

A

Often found in fruit. Found in nectar to attract insects to flowers

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4
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Simple sugars made up of 2 rings of carbon atoms

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5
Q

What is maltose made of?

A

2 glucose molecules linked together

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6
Q

What is maltose formed from?

A

From starch when seeds germinate

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7
Q

What is fructose made from?

A

A glucose molecule and a fructose molecule linked together

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8
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Complex sugars made up of hundreds of monosaccharides. They are insoluble in water and do not taste sweet

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9
Q

Why are lipids (fats) important in the diet?

A
  • Fat is an important energy source. Can be stored and broken down for respiration
  • Useful for storing energy because it contains twice as much energy per g as carbohydrates
  • Fat is needed to make cell membranes (phospholipids) and for insulation
  • Animals in cold climates often have think layers of fat under the skin (blubber)
  • Fats form some of the hormones used in homeostasis and other biological processes
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10
Q

What is the chemical equation of glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

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11
Q

What is a protein molecule?

A

A long chain of many small molecules, called amino acids, joined together

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12
Q

How many amino acids are there, and how do they work?

A

There are 20 different amino acids. They are joined together in different sequences to make different proteins

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13
Q

How do amino acids affect the function of a protein?

A

Proteins fold to produce a specific shape. The final shape depends on the amino acid sequence. The function of the protein depends on the shape of the protein.

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14
Q

How can temperature effect protein?

A
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