biology classwork Flashcards
what is a monomer
a monomer is the smaller units from which larger molecules are made
what is a polymer
a polymer is molecules made from large number of monomers joined together
what is a disaccharide
a disaccharide is two monosaccharides joined together
what is a monosaccharide
a monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule
what is a polysaccharide
a polysaccharide is a polymer made of many sugar monomers (monosaccharides)
what is a hydrolysis reaction
an hydrolysis reaction is when it breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involve the use of a water molecule
what is condensation reaction
condensation reaction joins two molecules together by chemical bonds and involves elimination of water
what is an isomer
an isomer is molecules with the same molecular formula, but have different arrangements of their atoms
carbohydrates is a hexose sugar (glucose). the term hexose indicates the sugar that consists of six carbon atoms in its structure. the monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose also consist of 6 carbon atoms in their structure, that is why they are considered as hexose.
what is a hexose sugar
a hexose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with six carbon atoms. the chemical formula for all hexose is C6H12O6., and their molecular weight is 180.156g/mol.
what is the chemical formula for all hexose
all hexose chemical formula: C6H12O6
what are the two forms of glucose
alpha glucose and beta glucose
what are the differences of A and B forms of glucose
the key difference between the two lies in the orientation of the hydroxyl group which is on the same side in an alpha-glucose and on the opposite sides in the beta-glucose. the alpha glucose is more reactive to enzymes because of this, enzymes easily break the alpha glucose, alpha-glucose is also less stable.
how to identify hydrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds must be drawn with dotted lines
what are hydrogen bonds
a hydrogen bond is the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and nearby electronegative atom. a hydrogen bond is a type of dipole-dipole interaction; it is not a true chemical bond.
what is cytosol
cytosol is cytoplasm by itself with no other functions with it. cytosol is the fluid in which organelles of the cells residue.
what are the most common disaccharides
maltose, sucrose, lactose
what is maltose
malt sugar- It is formed from 2 glucose molecules joined by an alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond
what is sucrose
table sugar- It is formed from glucose and fructose joined by an alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond
what is lactose
milk sugar- It is formed from galactose and glucose joined by a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond. ( 2 forms of lactose are one with alpha glucose and one with beta glucose but its always beta galactose )
what is a glycosidic bond
A glycosidic bond, also known as a glycosidic linkage, is a chemical bond in the form of a covalent connection that connects a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which might be another carbohydrate or not.
what is a glycosidic bond
A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides forms a glycosidic bond. Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides: maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules. sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.
molecule : carbohydrates
what’s the individual units and general function
individual unit- monosaccharide
general function- source of energy
molecule : lipid
what’s the individual units and general function
individual unit: carbohydrate
general function: insulation energy source
