Biology - Chordates Quiz

Question 1

Jawless Fish

Nerves/brain, digestion/jaw, bones/posture, circulation/heart, & respiration

Answer 1

1. Brain, spinal chord - dorsal side
2. Lateral segments
3. No jaw
4. Tube-like digestion (basic stomach)
5. No bones
6. Lateral posture
7. Closed circulatory system with 1 heart
8. Gills (no operculum)

Have to swim to breathe

Only chordate without jaw

Question 2

Cartilaginous

Sharks

Nerves/brain, digestion/jaw, bones/posture, circulation/heart, & respiration

Answer 2

1. Brain
2. Jaw
3. No bones - only cartilage
4. Lateral posture
5. Closed circulatory system with 1 heart
6. Gills (no operculum)

Have to swim to breathe

IMPORTANT: jaw

Question 3

Bony Fish

Nerves/brain, digestion/jaw, bones/posture, circulation/heart, & respiration

Answer 3

1. Larger brain
2. Lateral line = senses pressure and electoral changes
3. Complex stomach
4. Lateral posture
5. Have bones
6. 2-chambered heart = pushes blood to gills to rest of the body
7. Operculum

Don’t have to swim to breathe

IMPORTANT: bones, operculum, heart, complex stomach

Question 4

Amphibians

Nerves/brain, digestion/jaw, bones/posture, circulation/heart, & respiration

Answer 4

1. Lateralization
2. Cerebral hemisphere = cause and effect
3. Water regulation
4. Limbs developing (4)
5. Lateral posture
6. Closed circulatory system with 1 heart
7. Breathing through lungs and skin - mixing oxygenated and unoxygenated blood

IMPORTANT: developing limbs, breathing through lungs and skin

Question 5

Reptiles

Nerves/brain, digestion/jaw, bones/posture, circulation/heart, & respiration

Answer 5

1. Larger brain
2. Different motion from amphibians (limbs are below body, not to the side)
3. Specialized jaw with teeth
4. Large intestine
5. Able to lift butt off the ground
6. 3-chambered heart with incomplete septum
7. Amnion egg

IMPORTANT: different motion, heart with incomplete septum, amnion egg

Question 6

Birds

Answer 6

1. Warm-blooded
2. 4-chambered heart

Question 7

Mammals

Nerves/brain, digestion/jaw, bones/posture, circulation/heart, & respiration

Answer 7

1. Much larger brain - more energy to brain
2. Behavioral adaptation: learning
3. Stronger/bigger jaw muscles
4. Limbs underneath body
5. Humans = vertical posture
6. Warm-blooded
7. 4-chambered heart
8. Suck in air with lungs - negative pressure
9. Live birth

Very successful because they invest in their young and they think

IMPORTANT: large brain, learning, humans = vertical posture, warm-blooded, complete septum (4-chambered heart), lungs, live birth

Question 8

Operculum

Answer 8

Muscle that moves water over gills: no operculum = have to swim to breath, operculum = don’t have to swim to breathe

Question 9

Amnion Egg

Answer 9

Allows for gas exchange (CO2 and O2) without fluid exchange (water): egg keeps in water so reptiles could move away from water to reproduce