Biology: Chapter 5 - Pictures Flashcards
What is A showing?
What is B showing?
What is A’s significance?
What is B’s significance?
Objects that have the capacity to move but are not moving have potential energy, while objects that are in motion have kinetic energy.
(a) The energy required to move the ball up the hill is stored as potential energy.
(b) This stored energy is released as kinetic energy as the ball rolls down the hill.
What is this an example of?
What is its significance?
Entropy
Disorder happens sponaneously.
Order requires energy.
What is this showing?
Label the figure.
What is its significance?
Chemical Reactions and Catalysts
1) The products of endergonic reactions contain more energy than the reactants.
2) The products of exergonic reactions contain less energy than the reactants, but exergonic reactions do not necessarily proceed rapidly because it takes energy to get them going. The “hill” in this energy diagram represents energy that must be supplied to destabilize existing chemical bonds.
3) Catalyzed reactions occur faster because the amount of activation energy required to initiate the reaction—the height of the energy hill that must be overcome—is lowered, and the reaction proceeds to its end faster.
What is this?
What does it do?
A Biochemical Pathway.
The original substrate is acted on by enzyme 1, changing the substrate to a new form recognized by enzyme 2. Each enzyme in the pathway acts on the product of the previous stage.
What is this figure expressing?
What effects it?
Enzyme sensitivity.
The activity of an enzyme is influenced by both (a) temperature and (b) pH. Most human enzymes work best at temperatures of about 40°C and within a pH range of 6 to 8.
What are these two figures expressing?
Label.
How enzymes can be inhibited.
(a) In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor interferes with the active site of the enzyme.
(b) In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a place away from the active site, effecting a conformational change in the enzyme so that it can no longer bind to its substrate. In feedback inhibition, the inhibitor molecule is the product of the reaction.
What are these figures expressing?
What is it’s significance?
An ATP molecule.
The model (a) and structural diagram (b) both show that ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached to a ribose (five-carbon sugar) molecule. The ribose molecule is also attached to an adenine molecule (also one of the nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA). When the endmost phosphate group is split off from the ATP molecule, considerable energy is released.
What is this?
Label.
What is it’s significance?
The ATP Cycle.
ADP and inorganic phosphate are
continuously recycled in the cell.
