Biology Chapter 4

Question 1

Step 1: Stimulus

Answer 1

changes in environment

Question 2

Step 2: Receptor

Answer 2

detects stimulus (change in environment)

Question 3

Step 3: Processor

Answer 3

understand the change in environment in the stimulus

Question 4

Step 4: Effector

Answer 4

fixes the change in the reaction from the processor

Question 5

Step 5: Response

Answer 5

responding to the stimulus. the response counter acts the stimulus

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

maintenance of conditions within a cell or body within acceptable limits as the environment changes

Question 7

Contact Signaling

Answer 7

two people having a conversation. One on one conversation with cells. proteins that cells use to bind to each other.

Question 8

Paracrine Signaling

Answer 8

crine: secretion of a chemical substance.
para: around
one cell communicating with many others.

Question 9

Synaptic Signaling

Answer 9

how the nervous system communicates. like a phone call. not local. the cell leaves a gap called a synaps and blue chemicals send signals between the nerve cells.

Question 10

Endocrine Signaling

Answer 10

crine: secretion
endo: inside
secretions that travel in the blood
one cell talking to many others but they are far away
tweeting, group chat

Question 11

Messenger

Answer 11

hormone. Signal that has come from outside of the cell.

Question 12

Epinephrine

Answer 12

part of a messenger cell. The message that your cells will receive. Fight or flight.

Question 13

Receptor

Answer 13

has a perfect shape (lock and key) for epinephrine. Takes the information and causes a release of a second messenger (another molecule made inside the cell)

Question 14

2nd Messenger

Answer 14

will activate an enzyme in the cell

Question 15

Enzyme Cascade

Answer 15

enzymes that have been activated from the 2nd messenger. Domino reaction to create a product.

Question 16

G- Protein

Answer 16

GTP molecule is attached to a protein.

Question 17

Hormones

Answer 17

chemical messages. Mechanisms or molecules cells use to talk to each other. Released by endocrine and act as a target organ.

Question 18

Lipid Hormones

Answer 18

they act as transcription factors and can activate gene expression. Steroids.

Question 19

Protein Hormones

Answer 19

Epinephrine. Binds to receptors which are inside the cell membrane because they are too large and polar to pass through the membrane.

Question 20

Endocrine system

Answer 20

collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, tissue function, reproduction etc.

Question 21

Hypothalamus

Answer 21

regulatory part of your brain. Over sees everything. Cells inside that can detect changes, and a result it responds by releasing hormones.