Biology Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the three main types of plant tissue systems?

Answer 1

Dermal Tissue System, Vascular Tissue System, and Ground Tissue System

Question 2

What is the dermal tissue system in plants? What are the two parts of the dermal tissue system?

Answer 2

Dermal Tissue System - the tissues covering the outer surface of the plant
The two parts are the epidermal tissue and periderm tissue.

Question 3

What is the vascular tissue system?

Answer 3

Vascular Tissue System - the tissues responsible for conducting materials within a plant
The transportation system moves water, minerals, and other chemicals around the plant.

Question 4

What is the ground tissue system?

Answer 4

Ground Tissue System - all other tissue separate from the dermal and vascular
The filler between the dermal and vascular

Question 5

What is the root system?

Answer 5

Roots of a plant absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant, and store food.

Question 6

What is the shoot system?

Answer 6

The system in a flowering plant that is specialized to conduct photosynthesis and reproduce sexually; it consists of the leaf, the flower, and the stem.

Question 7

What is a meristematic cell?

Answer 7

Meristematic Cells are undifferentiated plant cells that can divide and differentiate to form specialized cells.

Question 8

What is epidermal tissue?

Answer 8

A thin layer of cells covering all non-woody surfaces of the plant

Question 9

What is periderm tissue?

Answer 9

Tissue on the surface of a plant that produces bark on stems and roots

Question 10

What are the two parts of the vascular system?

Answer 10

Xylem and Phloem

Question 11

What is Xylem?

Answer 11

Xylem - the vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and the leaves of a plant.

Question 12

What is Phloem?

Answer 12

Phloem - the vascular tissue in plants that transports dissolved food minerals and hormones throughout a plant.
Transports glucose made in the leaves up and down the plant.

Question 13

What is the Palisade layer in a plant?

Answer 13

Palisade layer - a layer of closely packed cells containing chloroplasts, just below the upper surface of a leaf, a type of ground tissue.

Question 14

What is the spongy mesophyll in a plant?

Answer 14

spongy mesophyll - a region of loosely packed cells in the middle of a leaf, a type of ground tissue.

Question 15

What is a cuticle in a plant?

Answer 15

Cuticle - a layer of wax on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf that blocks the diffusion of water and gases

Question 16

What is the stomata in a plant?

Answer 16

Stomata (stomate) - an opening in the surface of a leaf that allows the exchange of gases

Question 17

What are guard cells?

Answer 17

Guard cell - one of a pair of special cells in the epidermis that surround and control the opening and closing of each stomate

Question 18

Where are meristematic cells located?

Answer 18

Meristematic cells are located near the root tip, growing parts of the shoot, and just beneath the outside layer of the stem

Question 19

What are apical meristems?

Answer 19

Apical Meristem - undifferentiated cells at the tips of plant roots and shoots; cells that divide, enabling the plant to grow longer and develop specialized tissues.

Question 20

What are lateral meristems?

Answer 20

Lateral Meristem - undifferentiated cells under the bark in the stems and roots of woody plants; cells that divide, enabling the plant to grow wider and develop specialized tissues in the stem.

Question 21

What is vegetative reproduction?

Answer 21

Vegetative Reproduction - the process in which a plant produces genetically identical offspring from its roots or shoots

Question 22

What is Tissue Culture Propagation?

Answer 22

Tissue Culture Propagation - a method of growing many identical offspring by obtaining individual plant cells from one parent plant, growing these cells into calluses, and then into whole plants.