Biology Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the three main types of plant tissue systems?
Dermal Tissue System, Vascular Tissue System, and Ground Tissue System
What is the dermal tissue system in plants? What are the two parts of the dermal tissue system?
Dermal Tissue System - the tissues covering the outer surface of the plant
The two parts are the epidermal tissue and periderm tissue.
What is the vascular tissue system?
Vascular Tissue System - the tissues responsible for conducting materials within a plant
The transportation system moves water, minerals, and other chemicals around the plant.
What is the ground tissue system?
Ground Tissue System - all other tissue separate from the dermal and vascular
The filler between the dermal and vascular
What is the root system?
Roots of a plant absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant, and store food.
What is the shoot system?
The system in a flowering plant that is specialized to conduct photosynthesis and reproduce sexually; it consists of the leaf, the flower, and the stem.
What is a meristematic cell?
Meristematic Cells are undifferentiated plant cells that can divide and differentiate to form specialized cells.
What is epidermal tissue?
A thin layer of cells covering all non-woody surfaces of the plant
What is periderm tissue?
Tissue on the surface of a plant that produces bark on stems and roots
What are the two parts of the vascular system?
Xylem and Phloem
What is Xylem?
Xylem - the vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and the leaves of a plant.
What is Phloem?
Phloem - the vascular tissue in plants that transports dissolved food minerals and hormones throughout a plant.
Transports glucose made in the leaves up and down the plant.
What is the Palisade layer in a plant?
Palisade layer - a layer of closely packed cells containing chloroplasts, just below the upper surface of a leaf, a type of ground tissue.
What is the spongy mesophyll in a plant?
spongy mesophyll - a region of loosely packed cells in the middle of a leaf, a type of ground tissue.
What is a cuticle in a plant?
Cuticle - a layer of wax on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf that blocks the diffusion of water and gases
What is the stomata in a plant?
Stomata (stomate) - an opening in the surface of a leaf that allows the exchange of gases
What are guard cells?
Guard cell - one of a pair of special cells in the epidermis that surround and control the opening and closing of each stomate
Where are meristematic cells located?
Meristematic cells are located near the root tip, growing parts of the shoot, and just beneath the outside layer of the stem
What are apical meristems?
Apical Meristem - undifferentiated cells at the tips of plant roots and shoots; cells that divide, enabling the plant to grow longer and develop specialized tissues.
What are lateral meristems?
Lateral Meristem - undifferentiated cells under the bark in the stems and roots of woody plants; cells that divide, enabling the plant to grow wider and develop specialized tissues in the stem.
What is vegetative reproduction?
Vegetative Reproduction - the process in which a plant produces genetically identical offspring from its roots or shoots
What is Tissue Culture Propagation?
Tissue Culture Propagation - a method of growing many identical offspring by obtaining individual plant cells from one parent plant, growing these cells into calluses, and then into whole plants.
