Biology

Question 1

State the hierarchy of structure in animals

Answer 1

cells, tissue, organ, ogran system, organism

Question 2

What is tissue?

Answer 2

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular but limited function.

Question 3

What is an organ?

Answer 3

A structure composed of different tissues working together to perform a complex body function

Question 4

What is an organ system?

Answer 4

A system of one or more organs and structures that work to perform a major vital body function

Question 5

What are the types of tissue?

Answer 5

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue

Question 6

What is connective tissue?

Answer 6

specialized tissue that provides support and protection for various parts of the body

Question 7

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 7

a group of specialized tissues containing proteins that can contract and enable the body to move

Question 8

What is cellular differentiation?

Answer 8

Cells become specialized as they grow to perform specific functions.
The process by which cells become specialized is called cellular differentiation

Question 9

What is a stem cell?

Answer 9

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can divide to form specialized cells based on which parts of its DNA are switched on

Question 10

What are the types of stem cells?

Answer 10

Embryonic stem cells - can differentiate into anything
Tissue stem cells - can only differentiate into 3 or 4 different types

Question 11

What is regeneration?

Answer 11

bility of a tissue to repair itself, like muscle, or bone after an injury

Question 12

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

Answer 12

The purpose of the digestive system is to take in, break up, and digest food and excrete the waste.

Question 13

What are goblet cells?

Answer 13

Cells that secrete mucus

Question 14

What does mucus do in the digestive tract?

Answer 14

Mucus protects the digestive tube from digestive enzymes and allows material to pass smoothly

Question 15

What type of muscle is the esophagus?

Answer 15

smooth muscle - no thought

Question 16

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 16

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Question 17

What are the functions of the accessory organs?

Answer 17

Liver:
- produces bile and digestive enzymes (breakdown fats)
Pancreas:
- produces insulin (regulates blood sugar)
Gallbladder:
- makes biles (more concentrated for the digestion of fats)

Question 18

What are the three things that make up the circulatory system?

Answer 18

heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 19

What are the different types of blood vessels?

Answer 19

Arteries - away from the heart, veins - toward the heart, capillaries - tiny blood vessels where substances diffuse

Question 20

What is blood made of?

Answer 20

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

Question 21

What part of blood helps with clotting?

Answer 21

Platelets

Question 22

What does hemoglobin do and where is it found?

Answer 22

Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells and allows them to carry oxygen

Question 23

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Answer 23

A buildup of plaque (fat, cholestrol, calcium) in the coronary arteries

Question 24

What are the five parts of the respiratory systetm?

Answer 24

Nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 25

What is the diaphram?

Answer 25

A large sheet of muscle beneath the lungs that works for the chest cavity to expand and contract

Question 26

What is another name for the throat?

Answer 26

Pharynx

Question 27

What is another name for the windpipe?

Answer 27

Trachea

Question 28

What are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchi called?

Answer 28

Alveoli

Question 29

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 29

206

Question 30

Largest and smallest bone?

Answer 30

Femur and stapes

Question 31

What are the three types of connective tissue in the skeletal system?

Answer 31

Bones, ligaments, cartilage

Question 32

What minerals does bone contain?

Answer 32

Calcium and Phosphorus

Question 33

What are ligaments?

Answer 33

Ligaments are tough elastic connective tissue that are made of long fibres of collagen that hold bones together at the joints

Question 34

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 34

Made up of long fibres of collagen that contain special proteins that cause the muscle to contract when signaled by nerve cells

Question 35

What are three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 35

Skeletal muscle - voluntary, Smooth muscle - involuntary, and cardiac muscle

Question 36

What do tendons do?

Answer 36

Tendons connect muscle to bone

Question 37

What do ligaments do?

Answer 37

Ligaments connect bone to bone at the joints

Question 38

Why do muscles work in groups?

Answer 38

They work in groups because they pull not push and when one contracts the other relaxes

Question 39

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 39

The brain and spinal cord

Question 40

What are the three parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 40

• nerves that control voluntary muscles
• nerves that carry information to sensory organs
• nerves that regulate involuntary functions

Question 41

What protects the central nervous system?

Answer 41

The cerebrospinal fluid

Question 42

What are nerve impluses?

Answer 42

Neurons that communicate using electrical signals

Question 43

What is another name for nerve fibres?

Answer 43

Axons

Question 44

What fatty material are axons covered by?

Answer 44

Myelin

Question 45

Do nerve cells regenerate?

Answer 45

No