Biology: Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are monomers?
Monomers are one molecule.
What are polymers?
They are buily by monomers. Multiple molecules together.
What are the five common function groups?
- Hydroxyl
- Carbonyl
- Carboxyl
- Amino
- Phosphate
What are proteins?
Proteins are assembled from 20 amino acids.
Proteins have many functional roles in a cell.
DNA encodes sequences for proteins.
What is the organization of the protein structure?
- Primary Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
4, Quaternary Structure
What is the primary structure of protein?
The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
What is the secondary structure of protein?
The secondary structure is the initial folding of the polypeptide chain.
What is the tertiary structure of protein?
The tertiary structure of proteins fold up in polar water where the nonpolar amino acid occurs.
What is the quaternary structure of protein?
The quaternary structure of a protein occurs when a protein is made up of more than one polypeptide chain and it is in the spacial arrangement of many other chains.
`What is denaturing of protein?
When the polar nature of the proteins environment changes by either increasing the temperature or or lowering the pH. This alters the hydrogen bonding which allows the protein to unfold.
What is nucleic acid?
Nucleic acid is the building block of DNA. They are very long polymers that serve as the information storage devices in a cell.
What are the base pairs in a nucleic acid?
- A+T
2. G+C
What are the four bases in a nucleic acid?
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- Thymine
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has a deoxyribose phosphate backbone, is double stranded, and uses Thymine.
RNA has a ribose phosphate backbone, It is single stranded and uses Uracil.
What are the different types of carbohydrates?
- Transport Carbohydrates
- Storage Carbohydrates
- Structural Polysaccharides
What do transport carbohydrates do?
Examples of transporters.
They are used for energy and metabolism.
Lactose and Sucrose.
What do storage carbohydrates do?
Examples of storers.
They store energy in organisms.
Starch and Glycogen.
What do structural polysaccharides do?
Examples of structurers.
They are structurally stable. They require a certain enzyme that some organisms gain through symbiosis.
Cellulose and Chitin.
What are lipids?
Lipids are fats and other biological molecules that are indissolvable in water. They are however soluble in oil.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats are fatty acids with all internal carbon atoms forming the maximum bond with hydrogen. They are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats contain double bonds between one or more pairs of carbon atoms. They are liquid at room temperature because double bonds cause kinks in the structure.
How are lipid bilayers formed?
When phospholipids are exposed to water, they arrange themselves into a two-layered sheet (a bilayer) with all of their tails pointing toward the center of the sheet.
