Biology: Chapter 3

Question 1

What are monomers?

Answer 1

Monomers are one molecule.

Question 2

What are polymers?

Answer 2

They are buily by monomers. Multiple molecules together.

Question 3

What are the five common function groups?

Answer 3

1. Hydroxyl
2. Carbonyl
3. Carboxyl
4. Amino
5. Phosphate

Question 4

What are proteins?

Answer 4

Proteins are assembled from 20 amino acids.
Proteins have many functional roles in a cell.
DNA encodes sequences for proteins.

Question 5

What is the organization of the protein structure?

Answer 5

1. Primary Structure
2. Secondary Structure
3. Tertiary Structure
   4, Quaternary Structure

Question 6

What is the primary structure of protein?

Answer 6

The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 7

What is the secondary structure of protein?

Answer 7

The secondary structure is the initial folding of the polypeptide chain.

Question 8

What is the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 8

The tertiary structure of proteins fold up in polar water where the nonpolar amino acid occurs.

Question 9

What is the quaternary structure of protein?

Answer 9

The quaternary structure of a protein occurs when a protein is made up of more than one polypeptide chain and it is in the spacial arrangement of many other chains.

Question 10

`What is denaturing of protein?

Answer 10

When the polar nature of the proteins environment changes by either increasing the temperature or or lowering the pH. This alters the hydrogen bonding which allows the protein to unfold.

Question 11

What is nucleic acid?

Answer 11

Nucleic acid is the building block of DNA. They are very long polymers that serve as the information storage devices in a cell.

Question 12

What are the base pairs in a nucleic acid?

Answer 12

1. A+T

2. G+C

Question 13

What are the four bases in a nucleic acid?

Answer 13

1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Cytosine
4. Thymine

Question 14

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 14

DNA has a deoxyribose phosphate backbone, is double stranded, and uses Thymine.
RNA has a ribose phosphate backbone, It is single stranded and uses Uracil.

Question 15

What are the different types of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

1. Transport Carbohydrates
2. Storage Carbohydrates
3. Structural Polysaccharides

Question 16

What do transport carbohydrates do?

Examples of transporters.

Answer 16

They are used for energy and metabolism.

Lactose and Sucrose.

Question 17

What do storage carbohydrates do?

Examples of storers.

Answer 17

They store energy in organisms.

Starch and Glycogen.

Question 18

What do structural polysaccharides do?

Examples of structurers.

Answer 18

They are structurally stable. They require a certain enzyme that some organisms gain through symbiosis.
Cellulose and Chitin.

Question 19

What are lipids?

Answer 19

Lipids are fats and other biological molecules that are indissolvable in water. They are however soluble in oil.

Question 20

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 20

Saturated fats are fatty acids with all internal carbon atoms forming the maximum bond with hydrogen. They are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats contain double bonds between one or more pairs of carbon atoms. They are liquid at room temperature because double bonds cause kinks in the structure.

Question 21

How are lipid bilayers formed?

Answer 21

When phospholipids are exposed to water, they arrange themselves into a two-layered sheet (a bilayer) with all of their tails pointing toward the center of the sheet.