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Freshman Biology > Biology Chapter 1 Test 9-16-15 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 1 Test 9-16-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A
  • cell
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2
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A
  • unicellular

- multicellular

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3
Q

How are cells organized?

A
  • organization and specialized structures (organ, organ systems etc.)
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4
Q

What is differentiation?

A
  • when cells become different from each other as they multiply and follow the various roles supplied for them by their genetic instructions (ex. marathon runners cells have more mitochondria than a couch potato’s cells)
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5
Q

What is biology?

A
  • the science of life- the study of all living things

- includes the study of the microscopic structure of single cells

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6
Q

What are organelles similar to?

A
  • human organs in that they carry out specific tasks
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7
Q

Do all cells in the body have the same DNA?

A
  • yes but each cell is different
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8
Q

look at diagram of brain cell-

A

TAYLOR SWIFT

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9
Q

What is homeostasis?

A
  • the ability to maintain internal conditions
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10
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A
  • regulates body temperature
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11
Q

How is hereditary information transferred?

A
  • through DNA
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12
Q

What is DNA often referred to?

A
  • body’s blueprints
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13
Q

What are genes?

A
  • segment of DNA that holds information for a trait
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14
Q

Compare sexual and asexual reproduction.

A
  • sexual- sperm and egg combine for genetic variability

- asexual- exact copy of parent

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15
Q

What is evolution?

A
  • change over a long time
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16
Q

What is natural selection?

A
  • the most important driving force in evolution

- organisms with “favorable” traits will be more likely to reproduce

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17
Q

What can natural selection lead to?

A
  • “descent with modification”- gradual change in populations of organisms
  • descent= offspring
  • modification= changes
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18
Q

What is ecology?

A
  • the study of interactions of organisms with their environment
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19
Q

What are ecosystems?

A
  • environmental communities
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20
Q

What is an autotroph?

A
  • ability to connect sunlight/chemicals into a usable energy source (ex. photosynthesis and chemo-synthesis)
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21
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A
  • must consume food to create an energy source
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22
Q

What are the seven characteristics of life?

A
  • biologically organized
  • acquire materials and energy
  • reproduce
  • respond to stimuli
  • homeostatic
  • grow and develop
  • able to adapt
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23
Q

What categories is organization divided into?

A
  • molecular and cellular
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24
Q

List the levels of organization.

A
  • atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
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25
Q

What is metabolism?

A
  • chemical processes that occur within an organism (ex. breaking down food, breathing, hormones)
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26
Q

What is homeostasis?

A
  • ability to maintain an internal condition
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27
Q

How do we maintain our body temperature?

A
  • sweat- cools us down by releasing water and absorbs heat then evaporates
  • shiver- get goose bumps- activated by muscle connected to hair and meant to trap heat between hair and skin
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28
Q

How do we maintain our water content?

A
  • sweat, urinate
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29
Q

How do cells divide?

A
  • mitosis

- binary fission or budding

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30
Q

What is the difference between growth and development?

A
  • growth- increase size

- development- physical changes

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31
Q

What is reproduction?

A
  • ability to create a new organism
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32
Q

What are two levels of organization found in humans?

A
  • organs and organ systems
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33
Q

Are viruses living?

A
  • no, can’t reproduce
34
Q

Why are so many organisms yet to be discovered?

A
  • small, in places we can’t access
35
Q

What would happen if there were no autotrophs and there were only heterotrophs left?

A
  • no food for heterotrophs and they would turn to cannibalism
36
Q

List the steps of the scientific method in order.

A
  • problem
  • hypothesis
  • experiment
  • collect/analyze data
  • conclusion
37
Q

What is observation?

A
  • using one of the five senses to perceive an object or event
38
Q

What do you use observation to do?

A
  • make an inference based on prior knowledge
39
Q

What do you do in the questioning when questioning?

A
  • come up with the problem or question that you want answered
40
Q

Why do you collect and organize data?

A
  • information used to help answer question/problem
41
Q

What type of data do you collect?

A
  • observation, measurements, sampling
42
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A
  • a testable explanation for the question/problem

- can be followed by a prediction

43
Q

What type of statement is a hypothesis?

A
  • can be an “if-then” statement
44
Q

When conducting an experiment what type of experiment must be used?

A
  • controlled experiement
45
Q

What are the two groups used in experiments?

A
  • control group

- experimental group (only change one variable)

46
Q

What do you do when you collect/analyze data?

A
  • record measurements, find graphs, etc.
47
Q

What do you include in your conclusion?

A
  • based on your data come up with an explanation of why your experiment came out the way it did
  • was your hypothesis correct?
  • do you need to conduct another experiment?
48
Q

What are the next steps after finishing an experiment?

A
  • do the experiment again
  • publish material
  • present material
49
Q

Define theory.

A
  • ties together many hypotheses with considerable evidence and support
50
Q

How does a theory differ from a hypotheses?

A
  • theories tie together with hypothesis
51
Q

What do you do if your hypothesis isn’t supported?

A
  • try experiment again to make sure it wasn’t a mistake not to make sure your hypothesis is supported by changing information
52
Q

What is an observation?

A
  • using on of the five senses to perceive an object or event
53
Q

List the 5 steps of the scientific method in order.

A
  1. problem
  2. hypothesis
  3. experiment
  4. collect/analyze data
  5. conclusion
54
Q

What microscope will we use most of the time in class?

A
  • compound light microscope

electron microscopes are more powerful and expensive

55
Q

KNOW PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE

A

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56
Q

What does the diaphragm of a microscope do?

A
  • regulates light
57
Q

How do you hold a microscope?

A
  • hold it by arm and base
58
Q

What is the purpose of the stage of a microscope?

A
  • where object goes
59
Q

What is the purpose of the stage clips?

A
  • hold objects in place
60
Q

What is the formula for total magnification?

A
  • total magnification= eyepiece (10x) x objective
61
Q

LIGHT MUST BE TURNED ON TO USE MICROSCOPE

A

k cool taylor swift

62
Q

What should you never do when your microscope is on high power?

A
  • never EVER use the coarse adjustment knob on high power
63
Q

How should you hold you microscope?

A
  • two hands
64
Q

How should you put specimen to look at under microscope?

A
  • use a slide and cover slip with a THIN specimen
65
Q

How do you avoid bubbles when viewing specimen under microscope?

A
  • place the cover slip on the slide with a slight angle
66
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A
  • focuses beams of electrons
67
Q

What is a TEM?

A
  • Transmission electron microscope (TEM) uses a thin slice- can magnify 200,000x
68
Q

What is a SEM?

A
  • scanning electron microscope (SEM) coats specimen in metal and gives a 3-D image- can magnify 100,000x
69
Q

What do TEM and SEM have in common?

A
  • both can NOT be used for living objects
70
Q

What is a fluorescence microscope?

A
  • uses dye to highlight parts of organism
71
Q

What is the abbreviation for the International System of Measurement?

A
  • SI
72
Q

Where is SI used?

A
  • (stands for international system of measurement) used in the science laboratory (metric system)
73
Q

What are some metric system prefixes?

A
  • giga
  • mega
  • see powerpoint for more
74
Q

Convert 10 meters to millimeters.

A
  • 10,000
75
Q

Convert 40 grams to kilograms.

A
  • 0.04
76
Q

Convert 1 meter to centimeters.

A
  • 100
77
Q

What type of microscope do we use in class?

A
  • compound light microscope
78
Q

How do you calculate max magnification for compound light scope?

A
  • total magnification= 10x the objective
79
Q

Why is the SI unit used in science?

A
  • based on units of 10 (easy to convert)
80
Q

Advantage of using lower power on a microscope?

A
  • see a bigger picture/field of view
81
Q

Difference between SEM and TEM?

A
  • TEM- thin slice, 200,00x magnification

- SEM- coats specimen in thin metal, gives 3-D image- 100,000x magnification

Freshman Biology (2 decks)

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