Biology Ch. 5-7 Flashcards
what is the storage polysaccharide in plants
Starch
What is the storage polysaccraide in animals
glycogen
what is cellulose
polymer of glucose, most abundant compound on earth
what is the major component of plant cell walls
cellulose
what are insects, spiders considered
exoskeleton arthropods, structural polysaccharide
hydrolysis
releases energy in the form of glucose
proteins
chains of amino acids, consist of one or more polypetides
Four main important large molecules
Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids
What are macromolecules
huge, complex formed by similar molecules
What are polymers
long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks
What are monomers
small molecules that are repeated in polymers
What are enzymes
macro-molecules that speed up the chemical reactions in cells.
When are enzymes important
dehydration and hydrolysis
What are carbohydrates
polymers of sugars
What is a monosacchride
Carbonyl and hydroxyl group, usually CH2O
Classification of Monosaccharides
location of Carbonyl, size of carbon skeleton, spatial arrangements of parts around carbon atoms
What does a Monosaccharide do in a cell
form rings in aqueous solution, nutrients the cell especially glucose
What is a Disaccharide
two Monosaccharides form a covalent bond from dehydration
Common Disaccharides
lactose and maltose
What are Polysaccharides
macromolecules, storage, building materials for structures that protect the cell or organism
Glucose Monomers (Starch)
stored energy (plants) Hydrolysis releases energy
Glucose Monomers (Glycogen)
stored in liver and muscle cells, hydrolysis releases energy
What is Cellulose
major component of plant cell walls and abundant organic compound on earth
Exoskeleton of arthopods are what
structural polysaccharides
Lipids
hydrophobic carbon skeleton and not true polymers
fats
formed by dehydration reaction, glycerol and fatty acids
what bond does saturated fats have
single bonds
what bond does unsaturated fats have
double bonds
What are Phosolipids
essential to the cell, make up cell membrane, hydroxyl group
3 hydrophobic polypetides
Valine, Phenylalanine, Alanine
3 Polar Amino Acids
Cysteine, Serine, Tyrosine
4 Structures Protein Levels
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary