Biology Ch 1-4 Flashcards
3 domains of life
Bacteria
Archae
Eucaryuta
HydroCarbons
Not common in living things
Many organic molecules in cells have regions of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrogen Bonds
Attraction between the partial postitive on the hydrogen atom of water and partial negative charge on nitrogen atoms
Carbon
Backbone of life atomic #6
Makes proteins, DNA, Carbohydrates
Potential energy
Energy of matter because of location or structure
Types of data
Recorded observation and qualititave or quantitative
Energy
Capacity to do work
Non polar bonds
Between atoms with similar electronegativity
Intersubjectivity
The idea that inviduals can make the same observation through the same training
Feedback
Positive feedback -continuously increases {global warming}
Negative Feedback- our body
Buffers
Resist changes in pH
Important of homeostasis
Valence electrons
Valence shells
Electrons in the outer most shell
Experimental design
Replication- test as many subjects as possible
-proper controls
Eliminate as many controlled variables as possible
-draw a conclusion
Biodiversity
Diversity of life unified by DNA
Compounds
Substances of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Solvent
Dissolves substances ( only polar substances)
Surface tension
Attraction of molecules of the waters surface area
8 unify Biology
Evolution Cell theory Emergent Properties Heritable Info Interaction with Environment Structure and function are correlated Feedback Biodiversity
Enantimers
Mirror images of each other
Organization
Living hints are complex but organized and orderly
Results from hydrogen bonds
Cohesion Surface tension Moderation of temperature Insulation of water through floating ice Solvent
4 essential elements
Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Radioactive isotopes
Nucleus decay spontaneously
Natural Science
Developing falsibible hypothesis that can explain a phenomenon
Mole
6.0 x 10^23
Emergent Properties
All levels of organization are connected
Theories in science
Scientific theory- broad and supported by a large number of evidence
Reproduction
Organisms can produce offspring
Cooperative Cooling
Maintains temperature such as sweating
Why are hydrocarbons hydrophobic
Because they are non polar
Growth and development
Ability to grow and develop within life span
Trace elements
0.01%
Response
An organisms ability to respond to stimuli
The 7 properties of Life
Organization Response Growth and development Evolution and adaptation Energy Homeostasis and regulation Reproduction
Ionic bonds
One atoms strips the electron
Changes charge
+ and - are attracted to each other
Deductive reasoning
Broader generalization such as all birds have wings, cardinals are birds, all cardinals have wings
Independent variable
What explains the dependent variable in your prediction
Heritable Info
DNA code for proteins to maintain and build cells
Complex Carbon Molecules
Can bond with other atoms/ molecules
Tetrahedron shape
How is pH measured
Measuring the concentration of ions
Experimental controls
Test the experimental setup and define the limits of the experiment
“Cis” isomers
Two X’s on the same side
Adhesion
Attraction of one substance to another substance
“Trans” isomers
Two X’s on different sides
Evolution and adaptation
Living things hroughnout time can grow to adapt to their environment
Cohesion
Attraction among molecules of substances
Elements
Made up of matter
Substance that can not be broken by other substances through a chemical reaction
Inductive reasoning
Derive generalization based on a late number of specific observation
Geometric isomers
Differ in spatial arrangement of atoms
Polar Bonds
Between atoms with somewhat different electronegativity
Functional group
Small group of other atoms substituted for H and bound to the Carbon skeleton
Structural isomers
Different in arrangement
Isomers
Same number of atoms but different structure
Characteristics of carbon
Non polar
Store a lot of energy that can be released in chemical reactions
Evolution
Main theme among biology
Provides a reason for everything we know about living things
Isotopes
Atoms of same element with different neutrons
Covalent bonds
Atoms share an electron from the valence shell
Discovery science
Describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data
What is science
Investigation of natural phenomena through obeservation, evaluation and experimentation
Electron shells
Energy level of electrons at an average distance from the nucleus of an atom
Homeostasis
Maintain and have a constant condition
Molecule formation
Two or more atoms held together
Interaction with environment
Exchange matter and energy
Cell theory
The theory that cells are the basic structure of living things
Organic chemistry
Study carbon compounds C H O N S P
Water
Supports life
Dependent variable
The thing you are measuring
Falsification
Testing and trying to reject your hypothesis
Matter
Takes up space and mass
All organisms are made up of
Properties of elements
Dependent on atoms
Subatomic particles
