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Biology > Biology Ch 14 Test Study Guide > Flashcards

Biology Ch 14 Test Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Habitat

A

place where an organism lives

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2
Q

Ecological niche

A

how an organism lives

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3
Q

Is food a habitat or niche?

A

Niche

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4
Q

Is temperature a habitat or niche?

A

Habitat

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5
Q

Is hunting behavior a habitat or niche?

A

Niche

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6
Q

Niche partitioning

A

Division of resources in a niche without two species competing

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7
Q

One species of squirrel develops larger teeth that can crack larger nuts than another living in the same niche. This is an example of competitive exclusion that has resulted in what?

A

an evolutionary response

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8
Q

Ecological equivalents

A

Species that occupy similar niches but live in different parts of the world

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9
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

competition between members of the same species

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10
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

competition between members of different species

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11
Q

What type of competition happens when two squirrels race up a tree to reach a hidden pile of nuts?

A

Intraspecific Competition

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12
Q

What type of competition happens when a hyena chases off a vulture to feast on an antelope carcass?

A

Interspecific Competition

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13
Q

Predator-prey interaction

A

predator benefits, prey is harmed

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14
Q

A bobcat catching a young rabbit is an example of what interaction?

A

predator-prey

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15
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

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16
Q

Commensalism

A

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

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17
Q

Parasitism

A

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

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18
Q

A long-nosed bat feeding on cactus fruit which helps it spread the cactus seeds is what type of symbiosis?

A

Mutualism

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19
Q

Mites finding a home in human eyelashes without harming the human is what type of symbiosis?

A

Commensalism

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20
Q

A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from a mammal’s digestive system, reducing the amount of food available to the mammal is an example of what type of symbiosis?

A

Parasitism

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21
Q

How does a parasite differ from a predator?

A

it keeps the prey alive as long as possible

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22
Q

Endoparasite

A

parasite living on the inside of its host

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23
Q

Ectoparasite

A

A parasite that feeds on the external surface of a host.

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24
Q

A tapeworm that lives in the digestive system of its host is what type of parasite?

A

Endoparasite

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25
Q

A tick feeding off the blood of a dog is what type of parasite?

A

Ectoparasite

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26
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another

27
Q

What would explain an increase in the population density of a population of a deer?

A

a decrease in the area of deer habitat

28
Q

Clumped dispersion

A

individuals aggregate in patches, making it easier for them to mate and protect each other

29
Q

Uniform Dispersion

A

The pattern in which individuals are equally spaced throughout a habitat, usually caused by territoriality

30
Q

Random Dispersion

A

Random spacing of individuals of the same species within an area.

31
Q

What do survivorship curves help to describe?

A

reproductive strategy of a species

32
Q

What does an organism’s reproductive strategy reflect?

A

the way it produces offspring and helps the population survive

33
Q

Type I Survivorship Curve

A

a pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age

34
Q

Type II Survivorship Curve

A

a pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span

35
Q

Type III Survivorship Curve

A

a pattern of survival over time in which there is low survivorship early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood

36
Q

What organisms have a Type II survivorship curve?

A

Birds, small mammals, and other small animals

37
Q

What organisms have a type III survivorship curve?

A

Fish, amphibians, and plants

38
Q

What organisms have a type I survivorship curve?

A

Lions and other large mammals

39
Q

Population density

A

describes the number of individual organisms per unit area or volume

40
Q

Population dispersion

A

describes the way a population is spread out over an area

41
Q

Immigration

A

Migration to a new location

42
Q

Emigration

A

Migration from a location

43
Q

Deaths

A

the main way that organisms leave a population

44
Q

Births

A

the increase in the number of individuals in a population

45
Q

What happens to a population when there are plenty of resources available?

46
Q

What happens to a population when there are few resources?

A

It will decrease in size

47
Q

What does logistic growth have that exponential growth does not?

A

A carrying capacity

48
Q

What is exponential growth is at risk of?

A

A population crash due to resource depletion

49
Q

Density-dependent factor

A

factor that limits a population more as population density increases

50
Q

Density-independent factor

A

limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

51
Q

A natural disaster is an example of which type of limiting factor?

A

Density-independent

52
Q

Competition is an example of which type of limiting factor?

A

Density-dependent

53
Q

Ecological succession

A

sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a new community in an area that was previously uninhabited

54
Q

What is the first of the four main steps of primary succession?

A

Wind, rain, and ice begin to break down rock surfaces

55
Q

What is the second of the four main steps of primary succession?

A

Lichen and mosses break down rock, as they die their decayed bodies begin to build soil

56
Q

What is the third of the four main steps of primary succession?

A

Seeds of flowers and shrubs grow into plants that offer habitat for small animals and continue to build soil

57
Q

What is the fourth of the four main steps of primary succession?

A

Larger plants and animals move into the area as the soil layer gets thicker

58
Q

What is the first of the four main steps of secondary succession?

A

A disturbance destroys a community

59
Q

What is the second of the four main steps of secondary succession?

A

Weed and wildflower seeds take root in the soil

60
Q

What is the third of the four main steps of secondary succession?

A

Shrub and evergreen tree seedlings begin to grow

61
Q

What is the fourth of the four main steps of secondary succession?

A

Evergreen trees grow larger and hardwood trees begin to grow

62
Q

Primary succession

A

An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed

63
Q

Secondary Succession

A

Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

64
Q

Pioneer species

A

First species to populate an area during primary succession

Biology (3 decks)

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