Biology Ch 14 Test Study Guide

Question 1

Habitat

Answer 1

place where an organism lives

Question 2

Ecological niche

Answer 2

how an organism lives

Question 3

Is food a habitat or niche?

Answer 3

Niche

Question 4

Is temperature a habitat or niche?

Answer 4

Habitat

Question 5

Is hunting behavior a habitat or niche?

Answer 5

Niche

Question 6

Niche partitioning

Answer 6

Division of resources in a niche without two species competing

Question 7

One species of squirrel develops larger teeth that can crack larger nuts than another living in the same niche. This is an example of competitive exclusion that has resulted in what?

Answer 7

an evolutionary response

Question 8

Ecological equivalents

Answer 8

Species that occupy similar niches but live in different parts of the world

Question 9

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 9

competition between members of the same species

Question 10

Interspecific Competition

Answer 10

competition between members of different species

Question 11

What type of competition happens when two squirrels race up a tree to reach a hidden pile of nuts?

Answer 11

Intraspecific Competition

Question 12

What type of competition happens when a hyena chases off a vulture to feast on an antelope carcass?

Answer 12

Interspecific Competition

Question 13

Predator-prey interaction

Answer 13

predator benefits, prey is harmed

Question 14

A bobcat catching a young rabbit is an example of what interaction?

Answer 14

predator-prey

Question 15

Mutualism

Answer 15

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

Question 16

Commensalism

Answer 16

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 17

Parasitism

Answer 17

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

Question 18

A long-nosed bat feeding on cactus fruit which helps it spread the cactus seeds is what type of symbiosis?

Answer 18

Mutualism

Question 19

Mites finding a home in human eyelashes without harming the human is what type of symbiosis?

Answer 19

Commensalism

Question 20

A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from a mammal’s digestive system, reducing the amount of food available to the mammal is an example of what type of symbiosis?

Answer 20

Parasitism

Question 21

How does a parasite differ from a predator?

Answer 21

it keeps the prey alive as long as possible

Question 22

Endoparasite

Answer 22

parasite living on the inside of its host

Question 23

Ectoparasite

Answer 23

A parasite that feeds on the external surface of a host.

Question 24

A tapeworm that lives in the digestive system of its host is what type of parasite?

Answer 24

Endoparasite

Question 25

A tick feeding off the blood of a dog is what type of parasite?

Answer 25

Ectoparasite

Question 26

Symbiosis

Answer 26

A close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another

Question 27

What would explain an increase in the population density of a population of a deer?

Answer 27

a decrease in the area of deer habitat

Question 28

Clumped dispersion

Answer 28

individuals aggregate in patches, making it easier for them to mate and protect each other

Question 29

Uniform Dispersion

Answer 29

The pattern in which individuals are equally spaced throughout a habitat, usually caused by territoriality

Question 30

Random Dispersion

Answer 30

Random spacing of individuals of the same species within an area.

Question 31

What do survivorship curves help to describe?

Answer 31

reproductive strategy of a species

Question 32

What does an organism's reproductive strategy reflect?

Answer 32

the way it produces offspring and helps the population survive

Question 33

Type I Survivorship Curve

Answer 33

a pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age

Question 34

Type II Survivorship Curve

Answer 34

a pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span

Question 35

Type III Survivorship Curve

Answer 35

a pattern of survival over time in which there is low survivorship early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood

Question 36

What organisms have a Type II survivorship curve?

Answer 36

Birds, small mammals, and other small animals

Question 37

What organisms have a type III survivorship curve?

Answer 37

Fish, amphibians, and plants

Question 38

What organisms have a type I survivorship curve?

Answer 38

Lions and other large mammals

Question 39

Population density

Answer 39

describes the number of individual organisms per unit area or volume

Question 40

Population dispersion

Answer 40

describes the way a population is spread out over an area

Question 41

Immigration

Answer 41

Migration to a new location

Question 42

Emigration

Answer 42

Migration from a location

Question 43

Deaths

Answer 43

the main way that organisms leave a population

Question 44

Births

Answer 44

the increase in the number of individuals in a population

Question 45

What happens to a population when there are plenty of resources available?

Answer 45

It grows

Question 46

What happens to a population when there are few resources?

Answer 46

It will decrease in size

Question 47

What does logistic growth have that exponential growth does not?

Answer 47

A carrying capacity

Question 48

What is exponential growth is at risk of?

Answer 48

A population crash due to resource depletion

Question 49

Density-dependent factor

Answer 49

factor that limits a population more as population density increases

Question 50

Density-independent factor

Answer 50

limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

Question 51

A natural disaster is an example of which type of limiting factor?

Answer 51

Density-independent

Question 52

Competition is an example of which type of limiting factor?

Answer 52

Density-dependent

Question 53

Ecological succession

Answer 53

sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a new community in an area that was previously uninhabited

Question 54

What is the first of the four main steps of primary succession?

Answer 54

Wind, rain, and ice begin to break down rock surfaces

Question 55

What is the second of the four main steps of primary succession?

Answer 55

Lichen and mosses break down rock, as they die their decayed bodies begin to build soil

Question 56

What is the third of the four main steps of primary succession?

Answer 56

Seeds of flowers and shrubs grow into plants that offer habitat for small animals and continue to build soil

Question 57

What is the fourth of the four main steps of primary succession?

Answer 57

Larger plants and animals move into the area as the soil layer gets thicker

Question 58

What is the first of the four main steps of secondary succession?

Answer 58

A disturbance destroys a community

Question 59

What is the second of the four main steps of secondary succession?

Answer 59

Weed and wildflower seeds take root in the soil

Question 60

What is the third of the four main steps of secondary succession?

Answer 60

Shrub and evergreen tree seedlings begin to grow

Question 61

What is the fourth of the four main steps of secondary succession?

Answer 61

Evergreen trees grow larger and hardwood trees begin to grow

Question 62

Primary succession

Answer 62

An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed

Question 63

Secondary Succession

Answer 63

Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

Question 64

Pioneer species

Answer 64

First species to populate an area during primary succession