Biology CH 1: Part 2

Question 0

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Carbon

Answer 0

Can form 4 covalent bonds(1,2,3 bonds)

Can make many different molecules.

Question 1

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Organic molecules

Answer 1

The molecules that makeup living organisms (aka molecules) . Based on an element.

Question 2

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

What is a polymer?

Answer 2

A larger molecule formed from bonding smaller ones together.

Question 3

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

How is a polymer made?

Answer 3

Condensation ( dehydration )

Question 4

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Broken up through the process of

Answer 4

Hydrolysis (water-scissors)

Question 5

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

________ is a by-product.

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are

Answer 6

Bio molecules made only of C,H,O.

Question 7

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Simplest (2-1ratio)

Answer 7

Monosaccharides

Question 8

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

2monos put together

Answer 8

Disaccharides

Question 9

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Many monos linked together.

Answer 9

Polysaccharides

Question 10

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides in depth

Answer 10

• basic formula
• contain 3 or 6 carbons
• common C6 H12 O6

Question 11

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

C6 H12 O6 are….

Answer 11

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 12

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Disaccharides

Answer 12

Formula is C12H22O11

Question 13

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

-common disaccharides Are….

Answer 13

-Sucrose(table salt) glucose+fructose
-Lactose(dairy sugar) glucose+galactose
-Maltose (malt sugar-barley)
Glucose+glucose

Question 14

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides in depth

Answer 14

Large complex polymers of glucose(like starch,glucagon,cellulose,chitin)

Question 15

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Used by the cells for….

Answer 15

-energy:glucose(blood)
-energy storage:glycogen(human liver,starch,plants)
Found fungi walls and insects exoskeleton.

Question 16

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Pancreas:

Answer 16

An elongated organ located near the stomach and small intestines.

Question 17

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Roles of pancreas

Answer 17

• process hormones for the blood(insulin,glycogen)

- produces digestive enzymes for the small intestine.

Question 18

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Only _____ of all prancreatic cells produce hormones the cells are

Answer 18

1%
Alpha cells- glycogen production
Beta cells- Insulin production

Question 19

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Insulin does what?

Answer 19

Decrease glucose levels

-pancreas tells cells to take glucose from the blood.

Question 20

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Glycogen does what?

Answer 20

Blood glucose levels

Tells liver to break down glycogen stores.

Question 21

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Type 1 diabetes (IDDM) :

Answer 21

• 20% of all cases
• insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  
  • destruction of the cells.

Question 22

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Type 2 Diabetes NIDDM:

Answer 22

• 80% of all cases
• non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  
  • cells don’t respond effectively to insulin
  • can lead to type 1 diabetes

Question 23

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Early signs include

Answer 23

• frequent urination
• dehydration
• acidosis(low blood pH) from metabolizing fatty acids…

Question 24

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Continue

Answer 24

Fruity breath

- thirst

Question 25

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Prolonged effects:

Answer 25

-Necrosis: dead cells
-Cardiovascular disease
-retinal degeneration
Loss of nerve function
Kidney damage
Serious infection

Question 26

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
Eating:
Release:

Answer 26

• increase blood glucose: increase insulin

- decrease blood glucose

Question 27

Organic molecules and Carbohydrates

Decrease blood glucose

Answer 27

Increased glycogen release= increased blood glucose.