Biology | Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Classical Cell Theory
- All organisms are made up of cells
- The cell is the basic unit of life
- All cells come from preexisting cells
Cell
the basic unit of life
stated that all plants are composed of cells
Matthias Schleiden
Stated that all animals are composed of cells
Theodor Schwann
stated that the cell is the fundamental element of biological organization
Henri Dutrochet
stated that all living cells come from pre-existing living cells by cell division
Rudolf Virchow
Modern Cell Theory
- The cell is a structural and functional unit of all living things.
- All organisms are made up of cells
- New cells are always produced from pre-existing cells
- The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division
- All cells are basically the same inchemical composition a nd metabolic activities
- Energy flow ocurs within cells
Serves as a boundary between the environment and the internal part of a cell
semi-permeable membrane composed of phosphohlipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Cell Membrane
thick transparent colorless liquid in cell in which various organelles are suspended
cytosol
the cytosol, organelles, a nd other structures inside the cell excluding the nucleus/genetic material
cytoplasm
contorl center of the cell
nucleus
cells without definite nucleus
Prokaryotic
cells with definite nucleus
eukaryotic
protoplasm inside the nucleus
Karyoplasm / Nucleoplasm
where cellualr respiration takes place
mitochondria
acts as a digestive system of the cell
contains hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes
mass of dense protoplasm with centrioles which act as a pole for cell division
centrosomepr
prepare proteins for secretion after they are rleased from the endoplasmic reticulum
golgi bodies
serves as a pathway for the transport of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
protein factories of the cell
ribosomes
food and water storage of the cell
vacuole
gives the cell its shape
consists of microtubules and microfilaments
cytoskeleton
protects and supports plant cells
not present in animal cells
cell wall
plant cell walls
cellulose
fungal cell walls
chitin
bacterial cell wall
peptidoglycan
archaea cell wall
pseudopeptidoglycan
for photosynthesis
contins the green colorig bodoies called chlorophyl
chloroplasts
a relatively stablestate of internal equilibrium between the dif
