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Bio | Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

1
Q

compounds without carbon or hydrocarbons

usually not part of cell structure but involved in cellular function

A

Inorganic Compounds

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2
Q

most abundant inorganic compound

A

water

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3
Q

medium of transport for food, minerals, and other substances in the living system

a polar covalent molecule

has strong hydrogen bonding

a versatile solvent

A

water

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4
Q

substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water solution

A

Acids

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5
Q

Acids turns litmus paper from _____ to ______

A

Acids turn BLUE litmus paper to RED

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6
Q

substances that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water solution

A

Base

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7
Q

Give the 4 inorganic compounds

A
  1. Water
  2. Acids
  3. Base
  4. Salts
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8
Q

Base turns litmus paper from _____ to ______

A

Base turns RED litmus paper to BLUE

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9
Q

result of the chemical combination of acid and base by neutralization

A

salt

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10
Q

Compounds that contain hydrocarbons or ccarbons bonded to hydrogen

A

Organic Compounds

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11
Q

Give 4 organic compounds

A
  1. Protein
  2. Nucleic Acids
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Lipids
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12
Q

the most abundant organic compound

essential in building and repairing cell tissues

A

proteins

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13
Q

What monomers make up protein?

A

Amino Acids

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14
Q

What bond joins amino acid to make up protein?

A

Peptide Bonds

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15
Q

Functions of protein (8)

A
  1. catalyze reactions
  2. protect against disease
  3. storage of amino acids
  4. transport molecules
  5. coordinate body activities
  6. respond to stimuli
  7. for locomotion
  8. form structures
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16
Q

Special proteins that hasten or speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

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17
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A

pH
temperature
substrate concentration
enzyme concentration

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18
Q

controls the organization of enzymes

determine all chemical activities and reactions of the cell

A

Nucleic acids

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19
Q

structural unit of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

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20
Q

Composition of a nucleotide

A
  1. Phosphate group
  2. Pentose Sugar
  3. Nitrogenous base
21
Q

what is the pentose sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

22
Q

bases contained in DNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

23
Q

the pentose sugar in RNA

A

pentose sugar

24
Q

bases contained in RNA

A

adenine
guanine
cytosine
uracil

25
Q

chief energy source in all organisms

A

carbohydrates

26
Q

a carbohydrate that consists of 1 sugar unit

A

Monosaccharides

27
Q

dextrose or blood sugar

28
Q

sweetest sugar found in fruits

29
Q

found in milk

30
Q

consists of 2-10 sugar units

A

Oligosaccharides

31
Q

consists of two sugar units

A

Diasaccharides

32
Q

a common table sugar

glucose + fructose

33
Q

2 glucose units

malt sugar

used to make beer

34
Q

glucose + galactose

35
Q

Multiple sugat units

A

Polyysaccharides

36
Q

storage carbohydrate in PLANTS

37
Q

storage carbohydrate in ANIMALS

38
Q

structural polysaccharides found in plant cell walls

39
Q

found in fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of arthropods

40
Q

non-strach polysaccharides that help in digestion

A

dietary fiber

41
Q

highest energy giving food in the body

42
Q

fats and oils

glycerol backbone + three fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

43
Q

linear, solid in temperature, usually from animal source

A

saturated fats

44
Q

bent, liquid at room temperature, usualy from plant sources

A

unsaturated fats

45
Q

cell membrane component

contains polar phosphorus heads and non-polar lipid tails

A

Phospholipids

46
Q

composed of four fused carbon rings

47
Q

testosterone, estradiol

A

sex hormones

48
Q

green pigment found in plants

A

chlorophyll

49
Q

orange pigment found in plants

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