Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CETs > Bio | Chemical Basis of Life > Flashcards

Bio | Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

1
Q

compounds without carbon or hydrocarbons

usually not part of cell structure but involved in cellular function

A

Inorganic Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most abundant inorganic compound

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

medium of transport for food, minerals, and other substances in the living system

a polar covalent molecule

has strong hydrogen bonding

a versatile solvent

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water solution

A

Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acids turns litmus paper from _____ to ______

A

Acids turn BLUE litmus paper to RED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

substances that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water solution

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give the 4 inorganic compounds

A
  1. Water
  2. Acids
  3. Base
  4. Salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Base turns litmus paper from _____ to ______

A

Base turns RED litmus paper to BLUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

result of the chemical combination of acid and base by neutralization

A

salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Compounds that contain hydrocarbons or ccarbons bonded to hydrogen

A

Organic Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give 4 organic compounds

A
  1. Protein
  2. Nucleic Acids
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the most abundant organic compound

essential in building and repairing cell tissues

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What monomers make up protein?

A

Amino Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bond joins amino acid to make up protein?

A

Peptide Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of protein (8)

A
  1. catalyze reactions
  2. protect against disease
  3. storage of amino acids
  4. transport molecules
  5. coordinate body activities
  6. respond to stimuli
  7. for locomotion
  8. form structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Special proteins that hasten or speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A

pH
temperature
substrate concentration
enzyme concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

controls the organization of enzymes

determine all chemical activities and reactions of the cell

A

Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structural unit of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Composition of a nucleotide

A
  1. Phosphate group
  2. Pentose Sugar
  3. Nitrogenous base
21
Q

what is the pentose sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

22
Q

bases contained in DNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

23
Q

the pentose sugar in RNA

A

pentose sugar

24
Q

bases contained in RNA

A

adenine
guanine
cytosine
uracil

25
Q

chief energy source in all organisms

A

carbohydrates

26
Q

a carbohydrate that consists of 1 sugar unit

A

Monosaccharides

27
Q

dextrose or blood sugar

A

glucose

28
Q

sweetest sugar found in fruits

A

Fructose

29
Q

found in milk

A

Galactose

30
Q

consists of 2-10 sugar units

A

Oligosaccharides

31
Q

consists of two sugar units

A

Diasaccharides

32
Q

a common table sugar

glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

33
Q

2 glucose units

malt sugar

used to make beer

A

Maltose

34
Q

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

35
Q

Multiple sugat units

A

Polyysaccharides

36
Q

storage carbohydrate in PLANTS

A

Starch

37
Q

storage carbohydrate in ANIMALS

A

Glycogen

38
Q

structural polysaccharides found in plant cell walls

A

cellulose

39
Q

found in fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of arthropods

A

chitin

40
Q

non-strach polysaccharides that help in digestion

A

dietary fiber

41
Q

highest energy giving food in the body

A

lipids

42
Q

fats and oils

glycerol backbone + three fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

43
Q

linear, solid in temperature, usually from animal source

A

saturated fats

44
Q

bent, liquid at room temperature, usualy from plant sources

A

unsaturated fats

45
Q

cell membrane component

contains polar phosphorus heads and non-polar lipid tails

A

Phospholipids

46
Q

composed of four fused carbon rings

A

steroids

47
Q

testosterone, estradiol

A

sex hormones

48
Q

green pigment found in plants

A

chlorophyll

49
Q

orange pigment found in plants

A

carotene

CETs (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions