Biology Case 1 Flashcards
Define Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status is a grouping of people with similar occupational, educational and economic characteristics.
List four parameters of how socioeconomic status is measured
- Occupation
- Income/wealth
- Residence
- Education
How does socioeconomic status (SES) influence parenting styles?
*Higher SES promotes democratic and child-centered styles
*Lower SES tends to be controlling and punitive
List five functions of parents
- Provide for basic needs
- Encourage learning
- Develop self-respect and self-esteem
- Nurture friendship with peers
- Provide harmony and stability
Define family structure
Family structure is the legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home.
List different types of family structures
1.Nuclear family.
2. Single parent family.
3. Same-sex parent family
4. Extended family.
5. Foster family.
Outline three theories of language development
- Children are taught language: Parents named objects and use baby talk to stimulate the development of language in children.
- Children teach themselves: Children derived the rules of grammar and learn words from their environment and listening to others speak.
- Social impulses foster infant language: Humans communicate naturally in every way they can, as we are naturally social beings.
What is the importance of play in child development?
Play provides benefits such as social skills, emotional growth, and cognitive development.
Explain the psychoanalytic theory of gender identity formation
The psychoanalytic theory suggests that gender identity is formed through the dynamics of family relationships, particularly between the child and their parents.
Explain the difference between sex and gender
Sex refers to biological differences, while gender refers to the roles, behaviors, and identities that society attributes to individuals.
Explain the Cognitive and Sociocultural theories of gender identity formation
Cognitive theory posits that children actively construct their understanding of gender, while Sociocultural theory emphasizes the influence of cultural norms and social interactions.
Explain the behaviorism theory of gender identity formation
Behaviorism posits that gender identity is shaped through reinforcement and modeling based on societal expectations and behaviors.
Define sex in the context of human biology.
Different physical characteristics of being male or female
What does gender refer to?
Psychological/societal/cultural aspects of being male or female
What is the Oedipus complex?
Boys become jealous of their fathers and secretly want to replace them due to sexual feelings toward their mothers
How is gender identity formed?
By differential reinforcement and observational learning
List the types of play in child development.
*Solitary play
*Onlooker play
*Parallel play
*Associative play
*Cooperative play
What is the importance of sociodramatic play?
Contributes to comprehension of reading and writing, develops language and vocabulary, critical thinking, and social competence
