Biology (Brain) Flashcards
Neuron
Basic cell of the NS
Dendrites
receive incoming signals
Soma
cell body (nucleus)
Axon
AP travels down this
Myelin Sheath
Speeds up signal down axon
Terminals
Release NTs sends signal onto the next neuron
Synapse
gap b/w neurons
Action Potential
movement of sodium and potassium ions across a membrane sends an electrical charges down the axon
All or None law
stimulus must trigger the AP past its threshold, but does not increase the intensity of the response
Refractory Period
Neurons must rest and reset before it can send another AP. Sensory neurons- receive signals
Afferent neurons
accept signals
Motor neurons
sends signals
Efferent neurons
signal exits
Central NS
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral NS
rest of the NS
Somatic NS
voluntary movement
Sympathetic NS
arouses the body for the fight/flight
Parasympathetic NS
established homeostasis after a sympathetic response
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals released in synaptic gap, received by neurons
GABA
major inhibitory NT
Glutamate
Major excitatory NT
Dopamine
reward & movement
Serotonin
Moods and emotions
Acetylcholine
Memory
