Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

JMSS Sci Stuff > Biology - Body Systems > Flashcards

Biology - Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is an organelle?

A

a small structure in a cell surrounded by a membrane which has a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of a plant cell?

A

photosynthesis
see lesson 3 doc very important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of a animal cell?

A

basic structural and functional unit of the life form see lesson 3 doc very important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nucleus

A

controls cell activities and is surrounded by a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nucleolus

A

located withing the nucleus, makes ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cytoplasm

A

support and suspend organelles and cellular molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

golgi apparatus

A

modifies, packages, sorts and transports materials out of the cell also secretes the products of the endoplasmic rectilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lysosome

A

(animal only)
gets ride of useless, harmful or dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ribosomes

A

allows protein to be manufactured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rough endoplasmic recticulum

A

releases protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

acids in breaking down toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mitochondria

A

releases energy through respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cell membrane

A

allow substances to pass into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cell wall

A

(plant only)
protects, supports and maintains the shape of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chloroplasts

A

(plant only)
converts light energy to stored energy (sugars) by photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a tissue

A

refers to a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the 4 main types of tissues

A

epithelial - forms the lining of internal organs and glands
connective tissue - provides support and protection
muscle tissue - allows for movement
nervous tissue - transmits signals throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are different organs made up of?

A

different combination of these 4 types of tissue, they work together to perform the organ’s specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is an organ?

A

group of tissues in the body that work together to perform a specific function or set of functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the main body systems?

A

muscular, skeletal, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the digestive system?

A

breaks down and absorbs nutrients and removes undigested - main organs: mouth oesophagus, stomach, rectum, liver, pancreas, small and large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the circulatory system?

A

(cardiovascular)
transports substances such as nutrients, oxygen, hormones and metabolic wates (eg carbon dioxide)
main organs: heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the endocrine system?

A

produces hormones that coordinate the body
main organs: glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the excretory system?

A

filters and removes metabollic wastes
main organs: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, lungs, skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the immune and lymphatic systems?
protects from pathogens and toxins main organs: lymphocytes, bone marrow, thymus gland, lymph vessels and fluids, spleen
26
what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the muscular and skeletal system?
supports, moves and protects the body and organs main organs: muscles, skeleton
27
what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the nervous system?
coordinates the body's rapid responses main organs: nerves, brain, sense organs
28
what are the main organs and tissues and functions of the respiratory system?
supplies oxygen to and removes carbon dioxide from the body main organs: lungs bronchi, trachea, nose
29
what is the circulatory system
system that carries the food and oxygen in the blood vessels to cells where they are use for growth and repair of tissues and respiration which provides energy
30
what is blood and what is it composed of?
bodily fliud that circulated through the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries to transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells and to remove waste products it is composed of RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
31
what are blood vessels?
paths through which blood circulates throughout the body. main function of blood vessels is to transport blood from the heart to the body's tissues organs and then back to the heart
32
what are the 3 main blood vessels and what is there purpose
arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, having thick walls to withstand the pressure of the pumping heart veins - carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and have thinner walls than arteries capillaries -very small vessels that connect arteries and veins and allow for the exchange of oxygen nutrients and waste products between the blood and the body's cells.
33
what is the digestive system?
group of organs that work together to break down food and absorb nutrients
34
how does the digestive system work?
- starting in the mouth, food is chewed then mixed with saliva - which travels down the oesophagus into the stomach, mixing with the stomach acid and broken down further - then moves into small intestine, broken down again and nutrients are absorbed into bloodstream - waste products move into the large intestine and finally rectum and anus, where they are eliminated from the body through the process of defecation
35
what is digestion?
function of digestion is the process in which the body breaks down food into molecules that can be absorbed using energy and building materials for cells eliminates indigestible food products through the large intestine and rectum
36
what is the liver and what is its function?
the chemical factory of the body, many functions including the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and detoxification of the blood storing glycogen formed from glucose and acts as a readily available energy supply
37
what are nutrients?
the food substances an organism requires to grow and function correctly to maintain health
38
what are the main nutrients and their use
protein - formation, growth and repair of tissues including muscle building and enzyme carbohydrates - used in respiration to provide energy for activities and cell functioning fats - provide energy to store and an insulating layer under the skin and around organs to keep the body and organs warm vitamins - needed in small amounts of body growth, chemical reactions and body functions minerals - body functioning and chemical reactions, eg calcium provides strength to bones and teeth, iron is used in the formation of blood, plants need nitrates to make protein and magnesium
39
what is the endocrine system and its functions?
collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions functions include growth and development, metabolism, mood, sexual function
40
what is a gland?
group of cells that produce and secrete substances eg hormones and enzymes and chemical compounds
41
what does the endocrine gland do?
secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream which then travels to target cells and organs to regulate the body
42
what is a hormone and how do they move around the body?
chemical substance that exert an effect on metabolism, growth and development. produced in small quantities in one part of an organism and generally carried to other parts of the body
43
what does the endocrine hormone do?
binds to specific receptors to regulate various bodily functions
44
what are the major glands of the endocrine system?
pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testis
45
what hormone does the thyroid produce and what is its function?
thyroxin - regulates metabolism, growth and temp
46
what hormone does the ardrenal produce and what is its function?
adrenalin - increases heart and respiration rates and prepares body for action
47
what hormone does the pituitary produce and what is its function?
pituitary hormones eg growth and thyroid stimulating hormone - controls growth, puberty, nutrition, water absorption by kidneys, and other glands
48
what hormone does the testes produce and what is its function?
testosterone - produces male secondary sexual characteristics (eg sex organs, hair, voice box)
49
what hormone does the ovary produce and what is its function?
oestrogen, progesterone - produces female secondary sexual characteristics (breasts) controls menstrual cycle and prepares uterus for embryos
50
what hormone does the pancreas produce and what is its function?
insulin - regulates storage of carbohydrates and glucose in blood
51
what hormone does the parathyroid produce and what is its function?
parathyroid - controls the amount of calcium in the blood
52
what is the excretory system?
bodily system that is responsible for the elimination of waste products and toxins from the body
53
what are the main organs?
kidneys, lungs, liver, skin
54
what is the function of the kidneys?
located at the back of the abdominal cavity, filters blood and removes excess water, electrolytes and waste in form of urine
55
what is the function of the lungs?
eliminates carbon dioxide, wastes in the metabolism, through respiration
56
what is the function of the liver?
detoxifies harmful substances, eg drugs and alcohol converts them into harmless compounds to be eliminated
57
what is the function of the skin?
eliminate wastes through sweat (composed of water and salt), as well as other substances like urea and lactate
58
how does the nervous system work?
complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body, made up of the PNS and CNS
59
what is the function of the PNS?
includes all nerves that extend outside the CNS is responsible for transmitting signals to and from the CNS
60
what is the function of the CNS?
brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing info and coordinating action
61
what is the basic unit of the nervous system and what is its function?
neuron, transmits electrical signals
62
How do neurons communicate with each other?
synaptic transmission, neuron releases chemicals called neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the next neuron, transmitting the signal
63
what affects the thickness of the myelin sheath?
the diameter of the axon regulates this
64
what is the muscular system?
responsible for the movement and generation of force
65
what are muscles?
composed of muscle fibres that contract and relax to produce movement. attached to the bones and other structures by tendons (strong, fibrous, cords of tissue that transmit the force of muscle contraction) ligaments are the connective tissues that hold bones together to stabilize the joints.
66
what are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
67
where is smooth muscle found and what is it responsible for?
involuntary movements eg contraction of the stomach and intestines during digestion
68
where is skeletal muscle found and what is it responsible for?
muscle tissue attached to the bones and is responsible for voluntary movements eg jumping
69
where is cardiac muscle found and what is it responsible for?
in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood
70
main characteristics of a plant cell?
cell membrane, nucleus, vacuole
71
main characteristics of a animal cell?
cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, cell wall
72
what is the respiratory system?
responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment
73
what is the main composition of the respiratory system?
lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
74
what are the three main parts of a neuron? what is a nerve cell
a nerve cell also a neuron is responsible for transmitting signals in the body, main parts are cell body, dendrites, axon
75
what is the cell body?
known as the soma contains the cells nucleus and other organelles
76
what are the dendrites?
thin branching extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neutrons.
77
what is an axon?
long, thin extension of the cell body that sends signals to other cells, covered with the myelin sheath, fatty insulation that helps to speed up the transmission of electrical signals

JMSS Sci Stuff (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions