biology - biodiversity & classification Flashcards
Define biodiversity
The number of different species and number of individuals of those species living in an area.
Define alien species
Species that have been introduced into an area where they do not naturally occur
Define invasive species
Species that have been introduced into an area and become pests.
What is CITES
(Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species)
Laws controlling how people buy or sell plant or animal products (e.g. ivory, hardwood)
what are seed banks
Laboratories where the seeds of rare plants can be stored safely.
what is Captive breeding
Usually carried out by zoos to increase the population of an endangered species, with the aim of releasing it into the wild.
what are SSSI
(Sites of special scientific interest)
Areas of land that are to be conserved in their current state because certain endangered species live there.
what are the Local Biodiversity Action Plans
A document that shows how a local authority intends to conserve the biodiversity in its area by engaging local people.
what are National Parks
Large areas of land designated by the government for conservation and recreation.
State 3 assumptions that must be met if the results of the capture-recapture method are to be valid.
Some of the animals from the first sample will be recaptured.
Marking has no effect on the animals survival
Trapping has no effect on the animals survival.
State 2 ways in which bias can be avoided in the capture-recapture method.
Allow sufficient time for the animals to disperse randomly after the 1st sampling.
Ensure that trapping does not make individuals more likely to be collected (e.g. more visible/ trap-happy or trap-shy).
State 1 way in which the accuracy of the method can be improved.
Increase sample size.
problem - Too many plants in the quadrat makes counting difficult
how can you fix this?
Use a smaller quadrat.
problem - Plants grow in clumps, they are not evenly distributed
Take more samples to get a more accurate mean.
You are tempted to prove that your hypothesis is correct, how do you avoid bias in your quadrat experiment?
Place quadrats randomly to avoid bias
You need to test the effect of soil type on plant distribution.
Collect repeat readings at different sites using exactly the same method
You need investigate changes in population as a result of a nearby housing development. How would you conduct this experiment in order to make sure the results are viable?
Collect readings using the same method at the same time over a number of years.
You need to investigate changes in population away from a road.
Sample quadrats along a transect line.
What should you do if half of the plant was in the quadrat and half was out?
Choose two sides of the quadrat to count as in & two to count as out. Keep this consistent throughout the sampling.
Define a population
A population is a group of organisms of the same species living together in the same place.
what is the calculation for population growth
Population growth = (birth rate – death rate) + (immigration – emigration)
Define Birth rate
The number of individuals being born in a specific time (e.g. a year)
Define Immigration
The number of individuals moving into an area
Define Death rate
The number of individuals dying in a specific time-period.
