Biology B2 (SCA2)

Question 1

What do plants compete for?

Answer 1

Light, space, water and nutrients from soil

Question 2

What do animals compete for?

Answer 2

Food, mates and territory

Question 3

What is an adaptation?

Answer 3

Special feature that helps an organism to survive in their habitat

Question 4

What is an extremophile?

Answer 4

An organism that lives in extreme conditions (high salt, temperature, pressure)

Question 5

What adaptations do animals have to survive in dry climates?

Answer 5

Camouflage, reduced sweating, active at night, small, large surface area: volume ratio, thin fur, little body fat

Question 6

What adaptations do plants need to survive?

Answer 6

Stoma for gas exchange, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, long roots to absorb minerals and water, some store water in tissues, waxy cuticle to avoid water loss, some have small surface area: volume ratio

Question 7

What adaptations do animals have to survive in hot environments (desert)?

Answer 7

Food, territory and mates

Question 8

What adaptations do animals have to survive in cold environments?

Answer 8

Small surface area: volume ratio, small ears, blubber, thick fur, camouflage

Question 9

How do animals compete for food?

Answer 9

Eat wide range of foods, long legs for running(predators), poisons or warning colours(prey)

Question 10

How do animals compete for mates?

Answer 10

Courtship behaviour, e.g. fighting, impressive plumage

Question 11

How do plants compete with one another?

Answer 11

Flower early in the year, different types of roots, grow taller, thorns, poisons

Question 12

How do plants spread their seasons?

Answer 12

Wind, mini-explosions, fruit, sticky fruit

Question 13

How are fig wasps adapted?

Answer 13

Female fig wasps have ovipositors and males can fly or live in fig fruit and have small eyes and loss of songs to get through plant

Question 14

How are star-nosed moles adapted?

Answer 14

Fast reaction time, crown of fleshy tendrils in nose

Question 15

How are Venus fly traps adapted?

Answer 15

Traps with sweet-smelling nectar, attractive colours, sensitive hairs inside the trap, special enzymes

Question 16

What factors affect the distribution of living organisms?

Answer 16

Light, pH meter, temperature, oxygen levels, distribution of different species

Question 17

How can we measure environmental changes?

Answer 17

Rain gauge, pH meter, temperature probe/thermometer, oxygen meter, data loggers, living organisms (e.g. lichens or invertebrate animals)

Question 18

Where does all energy in a food chain come from?

Answer 18

The Sun

Question 19

What is biomass?

Answer 19

The mass of material in living organisms

Question 20

Why does biomass decrease as you go up the food chain?

Answer 20

Not all organisms eaten, waste, respiration, movement, new biomass

Question 21

What is a decomposer?

Answer 21

Micro-organisms that break down waste and dead animals in decay

Question 22

What is a detritus feeder?

Answer 22

Maggots and worms that start the decay process by eating dead plants and animals

Question 23

What are the conditions for decay?

Answer 23

Warm, moist, oxygen rich

Question 24

How is carbon put back into the environment in the carbon cycle?

Answer 24

Respiration of animals and plants, combustion of fossil fuels, decomposer respiration

Question 25

How is carbon taken out of the environment?

Answer 25

Photosynthesis, dissolved in oceans

Question 26

How do humans increase CO2 levels?

Answer 26

Burning excess fuels, deforestation

Question 27

How can humans decrease CO2 levels in the environment?

Answer 27

Reforestation, using renewable energy sources, reusing items

Question 28

What is a chromosome?

Answer 28

Thousands of genes joined together, made of DNA

Question 29

What is a gene?

Answer 29

A section of a chromosome coding for a particular characteristic

Question 30

What is a gamete?

Answer 30

Sex cell (egg or sperm)

Question 31

How many chromosomes are in the human body?

Answer 31

46 (23 pairs)

Question 32

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 32

Reproduction involving only one parent, offspring produced are clones (genetically identical organisms)

Question 33

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 33

Reproduction involving gametes; offspring inherit features from both parents

Question 34

What factors are controlled by genes?

Answer 34

Eye colour, shape of nose, ear lobes, sex, dimples

Question 35

What factors are controlled by environment?

Answer 35

Scars, accent, tattoos

Question 36

What factors are controlled by both genes and environment?

Answer 36

Height, weight, skin colour

Question 37

How is a cutting carried out and why is it chosen?

Answer 37

Remove part of a stem or leaf, add rooting powder, grow in correct conditions; quick, easy and no specialist equipment or training needed

Question 38

How is tissue culture carried out and why?

Answer 38

Extract small group of cells, add plant hormones, use specialist equipment; mass produces plants where there is a limited supply of plant

Question 39

How is embryo cloning carried out?

Answer 39

Give animal fertility hormones to produce many eggs, fertilise with sperm, wash out embryos into several, cells grow into embryo, transfer embryo’s to host mothers that have been prepped with hormones, clones grow

Question 40

How is adult cell cloning carried out?

Answer 40

Remove nucleus from unfertilised egg cell, remove nucleus from adult body cell, insert nucleus into adult body cell, give electric shock to stimulate cell to divide into embryo’s, implant embryo, clone is born

Question 41

What are the pros and cons of cloning?

Answer 41

PROS - produce medically useful clones, prevent extinction