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Biology B1 (SCA1) > biology > Flashcards

biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

Diet containing the right balance of foods and amount of energy

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2
Q

What are carbohydrates and fats used for?

A

Energy

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3
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

Build cells

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4
Q

What are mineral ions and vitamins needed for?

A

Healthy functioning of the body

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5
Q

When is a person malnourished?

A

When they do not have a balanced diet

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6
Q

Unbalanced diets may lead to what?

A

Over / under weight deficiency diseases, type 2 diabetes

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7
Q

How does exercise help to lose weight?

A

Increase the amount of energy expended

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8
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

Rate at which all chemical reactions in the cells take place

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9
Q

What affects metabolic rate?

A

Amount of activity, proportion of muscle to fat ratio

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10
Q

Cholesterol levels are affected by diet and what else?

A

Inherited factors

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11
Q

What are micro-organisms that cause disease?

A

Pathogens

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12
Q

How do pathogens harm you?

A

Produce poisons and viruses damage cells when they reproduce

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13
Q

Name 3 ways white blood cells work?

A

Ingest, produce anti-toxins, produce anti-bodies

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14
Q

What did Semmelwiess recognise?

A

Importance of hand washing in spreading disease

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15
Q

What relieves symptoms but doesn’t affect the pathogen?

A

Pain killers

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16
Q

What can kill infectious diseases inside the body?

A

Antibiotics

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17
Q

Overuse of antibiotics has caused what?

A

Antibiotic resistance

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18
Q

MRSA is an antibiotic resistance bacteria how did it evolve?

A

Mutation produces resistant strain, theses survive and reproduce

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19
Q

What is a vaccinaton?

A

Dead or inactive form of the pathogen

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20
Q

What do vaccines do in the body?

A

Stimulate the white blood cells to reproduce antibodies

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21
Q

What does the MMR vaccine protect against?

A

Measles, Mumps and Rubella

22
Q

How are micro-organisms grown in the lab?

A

Culture medium, petri dish, sterile inoculating loop

23
Q

What safety precaution do you need to take?

A

Secure the lid, only heat to 25C

24
Q

What detects the stimulus?

A

Receptor cells

25
Q

What are the receptors in the ear sensitive to?

A

Sound, balance

26
Q

What are receptors in the eyes sensitive to?

A

Light

27
Q

What are receptors in the nose and tongue sensitive to?

A

Chemicals

28
Q

What are receptors in the skin sensitive to?

A

Touch, pressure, pain, temperature

29
Q

What organelles do light receptors have?

A

Nucleas, cytoplasm, cell membrane

30
Q

What type of reactions are automatic and rapid?

A

Reflex actions

31
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Gap between neurones where a chemical is passed

32
Q

What is an effector?

A

Muscle or gland

33
Q

List the components of the simple reflex action!

A

Stimulus, Receptor, Sensory neurone, Relay neurone, Motor neurone, Effector, Response

34
Q

What internal conditions are maintained?

A

Water, ions, temperature, sugar levels

35
Q

Why is temperature maintained?

A

Enzymes to work best

36
Q

How are hormones transported?

A

Through the bloodstream

37
Q

What three hormones control the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH, LH, Oestrogen

38
Q

What hormone is released in the ovaries and inhibits FSH?

A

Oestrogen

39
Q

What does FSH do and where is it released from?

A

Causes the egg to mature

40
Q

What hormones are found in the pill?

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone

41
Q

What are plant hormones called?

A

Auxins

42
Q

What do plants respond to and what is it called?

A

Light (phototropism), Gravity (gravitropism)

43
Q

What do we use plant hormones for?

A

Weed killers, rooting hormones

44
Q

What is a drug?

A

Something that changes the chemical process in the body

45
Q

What is a double blind trial?

A

Doctor and patient don’t know who has received the placebo

46
Q

What was thalidomide used for?

A

Originally it was used as a sleeping pill, but then for bad morning sickness

47
Q

Why was it banned?

A

Children born with deformed limbs

48
Q

Name a legal recreational drug?

A

Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol

49
Q

Name an illegal drug?

A

Cannabis, herion, ecstasy

50
Q

What do anabolic steroids do?

A

Increase muscle mass

Biology B1 (SCA1) (2 decks)

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