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AQA GCSE Biology (Old GCSE) > Biology B2 > Flashcards

Biology B2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 structures do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

Cell Wall, Vacuole and Chloroplasts

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2
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

When a cell can allow substances to enter it sometimes.

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3
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

Magnification = Size of image / Actual size of object

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4
Q

What does a bacterial cell have instead of a nucleus?

A

A long loop of DNA

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a slime capsule around a bacterial cell?

A

To prevent dehydration

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6
Q

What is another word for specialised?

A

Differentiated

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7
Q

In biology, what is the most common reason for an object having a large surface area?

A

To allow it to absorb more water, minerals or chemicals.

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8
Q

What is the definition of diffusion?

A

Particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a concentration gradient.

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9
Q

Why does a red blood cell have no nucleus?

A

To save space for haemoglobins

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10
Q

What is the type of tissue that can expand and contract?

A

Muscle Tissue

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11
Q

What is the type of tissue that produces acids and enzymes?

A

Glandular Tissue

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12
Q

What is the type of tissue that is used for organ structure, lining or protection?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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13
Q

What is the type of tissue that is just thin paper?

A

Tissue Paper

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14
Q

What is chyme?

A

Semi-digested food in the stomach

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15
Q

When protein is broken down by protease, what is formed?

A

Amino Acids

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16
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The motion made by the oesophagus to squeeze food down into the stomach.

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17
Q

What substance does the liver produce?

A

Bile

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18
Q

Where are digestive enzymes and insulin produced?

A

In the pancreas.

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19
Q

What type of plant tissue transports water (transpiration)?

A

Xylem

20
Q

What does phloem tissue transport?

A

Sugar (translocation)

21
Q

What is the function of the palisade layer in a leaf?

A

Where the photosynthesis takes place (lots of chloroplasts)

22
Q

In many organisms, what is cellulose used for?

A

The construction of cell walls

23
Q

How do you make amino acids?

A

Add nitrogen to glucose

24
Q

What are three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide concentration (%), Light intensity (lux) and Temperature (°C).

25
Q

In what part of a plant cell does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplasts

26
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

They transfer or release energy from glucose by the process of aerobic respiration.

27
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

It is effectively a molecular clamp to hold two amino acids together.

28
Q

What is the name of the protein that is used to break apart or stick together substrate molecules?

A

Enzymes

29
Q

Name some uses of enzymes…

A

Keeping soft centres in chocolates, fermentation, organic stain removal, pre digestion of baby food.

30
Q

What is the name for when an enzyme changes shape and doesn’t fit the desired substrate?

A

Denaturation

31
Q

What is hydrochloric acid used for in the stomach?

A

Sterilising food and beginning to digest proteins.

32
Q

What conditions need to be controlled in a fermenter?

A

Temperature, light level, oxygen level and moisture.

33
Q

Why is fructose used in some food instead of glucose?

A

Fructose is sweeter than glucose so not as much is needed to achieve the same sweetness.

34
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

When you are using more oxygen you can produce so you begin to respire anaerobically.

35
Q

What is the name for cell division in normal somatic (diploid) cells?

A

Mitosis

36
Q

What is meiosis?

A

The division and formation of sex cells (haploid cells).

37
Q

What did Grigor Mendel discover?

A

That inherited characteristics are not just mixtures of the two parents characteristics.

38
Q

What chromosomal pair causes sex determination?

A

The 23rd pair

39
Q

What are the four organic base pair substances in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine.

40
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

To clamp together amino acids to form a protein.

41
Q

What causes cystic fibrosis?

A

A faulty recessive allele.

42
Q

How can polydactyly be treated?

A

By removing any extra digits soon after birth.

43
Q

Why do some people not like DNA profiling?

A

They feel that it infringes on their privacy.

44
Q

What is the best way to preserve an organism?

A

Remove all the oxygen from inside it to stop bacteria from causing decomposition.

45
Q

What different types of fossil are there?

A

Organisms trapped in amber, imprints and bones turned into stone.

AQA GCSE Biology (Old GCSE) (3 decks)

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