Biology B2

Question 1

What 3 structures do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 1

Cell Wall, Vacuole and Chloroplasts

Question 2

What does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 2

When a cell can allow substances to enter it sometimes.

Question 3

How do you calculate magnification?

Answer 3

Magnification = Size of image / Actual size of object

Question 4

What does a bacterial cell have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 4

A long loop of DNA

Question 5

What is the purpose of a slime capsule around a bacterial cell?

Answer 5

To prevent dehydration

Question 6

What is another word for specialised?

Answer 6

Differentiated

Question 7

In biology, what is the most common reason for an object having a large surface area?

Answer 7

To allow it to absorb more water, minerals or chemicals.

Question 8

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 8

Particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a concentration gradient.

Question 9

Why does a red blood cell have no nucleus?

Answer 9

To save space for haemoglobins

Question 10

What is the type of tissue that can expand and contract?

Answer 10

Muscle Tissue

Question 11

What is the type of tissue that produces acids and enzymes?

Answer 11

Glandular Tissue

Question 12

What is the type of tissue that is used for organ structure, lining or protection?

Answer 12

Epithelial Tissue

Question 13

What is the type of tissue that is just thin paper?

Answer 13

Tissue Paper

Question 14

What is chyme?

Answer 14

Semi-digested food in the stomach

Question 15

When protein is broken down by protease, what is formed?

Answer 15

Amino Acids

Question 16

What is peristalsis?

Answer 16

The motion made by the oesophagus to squeeze food down into the stomach.

Question 17

What substance does the liver produce?

Answer 17

Bile

Question 18

Where are digestive enzymes and insulin produced?

Answer 18

In the pancreas.

Question 19

What type of plant tissue transports water (transpiration)?

Answer 19

Xylem

Question 20

What does phloem tissue transport?

Answer 20

Sugar (translocation)

Question 21

What is the function of the palisade layer in a leaf?

Answer 21

Where the photosynthesis takes place (lots of chloroplasts)

Question 22

In many organisms, what is cellulose used for?

Answer 22

The construction of cell walls

Question 23

How do you make amino acids?

Answer 23

Add nitrogen to glucose

Question 24

What are three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Carbon Dioxide concentration (%), Light intensity (lux) and Temperature (°C).

Question 25

In what part of a plant cell does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 25

Chloroplasts

Question 26

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 26

They transfer or release energy from glucose by the process of aerobic respiration.

Question 27

What is a ribosome?

Answer 27

It is effectively a molecular clamp to hold two amino acids together.

Question 28

What is the name of the protein that is used to break apart or stick together substrate molecules?

Answer 28

Enzymes

Question 29

Name some uses of enzymes...

Answer 29

Keeping soft centres in chocolates, fermentation, organic stain removal, pre digestion of baby food.

Question 30

What is the name for when an enzyme changes shape and doesn't fit the desired substrate?

Answer 30

Denaturation

Question 31

What is hydrochloric acid used for in the stomach?

Answer 31

Sterilising food and beginning to digest proteins.

Question 32

What conditions need to be controlled in a fermenter?

Answer 32

Temperature, light level, oxygen level and moisture.

Question 33

Why is fructose used in some food instead of glucose?

Answer 33

Fructose is sweeter than glucose so not as much is needed to achieve the same sweetness.

Question 34

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 34

When you are using more oxygen you can produce so you begin to respire anaerobically.

Question 35

What is the name for cell division in normal somatic (diploid) cells?

Answer 35

Mitosis

Question 36

What is meiosis?

Answer 36

The division and formation of sex cells (haploid cells).

Question 37

What did Grigor Mendel discover?

Answer 37

That inherited characteristics are not just mixtures of the two parents characteristics.

Question 38

What chromosomal pair causes sex determination?

Answer 38

The 23rd pair

Question 39

What are the four organic base pair substances in DNA?

Answer 39

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine.

Question 40

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 40

To clamp together amino acids to form a protein.

Question 41

What causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 41

A faulty recessive allele.

Question 42

How can polydactyly be treated?

Answer 42

By removing any extra digits soon after birth.

Question 43

Why do some people not like DNA profiling?

Answer 43

They feel that it infringes on their privacy.

Question 44

What is the best way to preserve an organism?

Answer 44

Remove all the oxygen from inside it to stop bacteria from causing decomposition.

Question 45

What different types of fossil are there?

Answer 45

Organisms trapped in amber, imprints and bones turned into stone.