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AQA GCSE Biology (Old GCSE) > Biology B1 > Flashcards

Biology B1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the two types of white blood cells

A

Lymphocytes

Phagocytes

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2
Q

State two factors that affect metabolic rate

A

Exercise
Climate
Genes
proportion of muscle

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3
Q

What is an extremophile?

A

An organism that lives in extreme conditions like a desert, the arctic or space

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4
Q

What is a detritivore?

A

An animal that feeds on dead organic material

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5
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A false drug that the consumer does not know if it is the real drug or not

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6
Q

Why are GM crops good?

A

1) They can give higher crop yields
2) They can be resistant to pests
3) They can grow in colder or warmer climates

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7
Q

Why are GM crops bad?

A

1) They are considered unethical

2) They are not as healthy for other insects like bees and butterflies

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8
Q

What is it called if you are overweight, underweight or have a deficiency disease?

A

Malnourishment

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9
Q

What are statins?

A

Drugs that reduce cholesterol by stopping the enzyme that makes cholesterol from working

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10
Q

How do bacteria make you feel ill?

A

The bacteria split and produce toxins that damage your body

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11
Q

How do viruses make you feel ill?

A

They take over cells in your body, damaging them

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12
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Medicines that when taken, kill all the bacteria in your body

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13
Q

What is a superbug?

A

A bacteria that has developed a resistance to antibiotics

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14
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Proteins produced by white blood cells that stick onto the antigens on a pathogen, either neutralising it or causing it to break up

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15
Q

What is the neurone order that takes place in a reflex arc?

A

Sensory –> Relay –> Motor

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16
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers that control your body

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17
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Keeping the body’s internal conditions constant

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18
Q

What is the hormone order in the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH –> Oestrogen –> LH

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19
Q

What is IVF short for?

A

In vitro fertilisation: Test tube babies

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20
Q

What is a response to a stimulus called?

A

A tropism

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21
Q

What are auxins?

A

Chemicals that stimulate the growth of plant shoots but slow down the growth of roots

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22
Q

What is the name for a physical or behavioural characteristic that helps an animal to survive in an environment?

A

An adaptation

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23
Q

What do animals compete for?

A

Food
Territory
Mates
Water

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24
Q

What is the name of competition between the same species?

A

Intraspecific competition

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25
Q

Why have organisms changed their migrational patterns?

A

Because of climate change

26
Q

What is a bioindicator?

A

A living organism that indicates pollution

27
Q

What is the name for the breakdown of organic material?

A

Decomposition

28
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

A type of variation that can have any value

29
Q

What is the type of reproduction where the offspring are exact clones of the one parent?

A

Asexual reproduction

30
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Modifying or changing the genetic code of an organism

31
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms of classification?

A 
Animals
Bacteria
Protists
Plants
Fungi
32
Q

What is the first stage of evolution?

A

Variation due to mutation

33
Q

What is an example of evolution?

A

MRSA Superbug developing a resistance to antibiotics

34
Q

What does protein do to the body?

A

It helps growth (cell building)

35
Q

What 3 diseases does MMR stand for?

A

Measles, Mumps and Rubella

36
Q

What happens if you overuse antibiotics?

A

Antibiotic resistant diseases can appear

37
Q

Define metabolic rate

A

The rate of chemical reactions inside the body

38
Q

Name two diseases linked to obesity

A

Arthritis
Type 2 Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
Heart Attack

39
Q

What nutrient is contained in Agar?

A

Carbohydrates

40
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

The worldwide outbreak of a disease

41
Q

Define obese

A

Being severely overweight

42
Q

Why should drug users not share needles?

A

Because viruses are transferred in body fluids

43
Q

Why is an inoculation loop heated in a Bunsen burner flame?

A

To sterilise it by killing all the bacteria on it

44
Q

How is information carried across a synapse?

A

By chemical transmitters

45
Q

What do anabolic steroids do?

A

They increase the growth of muscle.

46
Q

What type of organ produces hormones?

A

Glands

47
Q

What is thalidomide used for today?

A

Sleeping pills or for treating leprosy

48
Q

What is the gland that produces FSH?

A

The pituitary gland

49
Q

Which organ controls the amount of water in the body?

A

The kidneys

50
Q

What is a drug?

A

A substance that affects chemical reactions in the body

51
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A junction between two neurones

52
Q

What is the main purpose of pre-clinical drug testing?

A

To test if the drug is toxic to humans

53
Q

What is the name for a range of different species?

A

Biodiversity

54
Q

Why are some animals brightly coloured?

A

To warn animals that they might be poisonous

55
Q

Why do some desert animals not produce urine?

A

To conserve water

56
Q

Give three ways in which energy released in respiration is used.

A

Maintain body temperature, heartbeat or movement.

57
Q

What are the four things needed for decay?

A

Warmth, moisture, oxygen, microorganisms

58
Q

What are egg and sperm cells called?

A

Gametes

59
Q

What does it mean to be in the same species?

A

To be able to breed together and produce fertile offspring.

60
Q

How are genes cut out of chromosomes?

A

With enzymes

AQA GCSE Biology (Old GCSE) (3 decks)

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