Biology B1 Flashcards
Name the two types of white blood cells
Lymphocytes
Phagocytes
State two factors that affect metabolic rate
Exercise
Climate
Genes
proportion of muscle
What is an extremophile?
An organism that lives in extreme conditions like a desert, the arctic or space
What is a detritivore?
An animal that feeds on dead organic material
What is a placebo?
A false drug that the consumer does not know if it is the real drug or not
Why are GM crops good?
1) They can give higher crop yields
2) They can be resistant to pests
3) They can grow in colder or warmer climates
Why are GM crops bad?
1) They are considered unethical
2) They are not as healthy for other insects like bees and butterflies
What is it called if you are overweight, underweight or have a deficiency disease?
Malnourishment
What are statins?
Drugs that reduce cholesterol by stopping the enzyme that makes cholesterol from working
How do bacteria make you feel ill?
The bacteria split and produce toxins that damage your body
How do viruses make you feel ill?
They take over cells in your body, damaging them
What are antibiotics?
Medicines that when taken, kill all the bacteria in your body
What is a superbug?
A bacteria that has developed a resistance to antibiotics
What are antibodies?
Proteins produced by white blood cells that stick onto the antigens on a pathogen, either neutralising it or causing it to break up
What is the neurone order that takes place in a reflex arc?
Sensory –> Relay –> Motor
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that control your body
What is homeostasis?
Keeping the body’s internal conditions constant
What is the hormone order in the menstrual cycle?
FSH –> Oestrogen –> LH
What is IVF short for?
In vitro fertilisation: Test tube babies
What is a response to a stimulus called?
A tropism
What are auxins?
Chemicals that stimulate the growth of plant shoots but slow down the growth of roots
What is the name for a physical or behavioural characteristic that helps an animal to survive in an environment?
An adaptation
What do animals compete for?
Food
Territory
Mates
Water
What is the name of competition between the same species?
Intraspecific competition
Why have organisms changed their migrational patterns?
Because of climate change
What is a bioindicator?
A living organism that indicates pollution
What is the name for the breakdown of organic material?
Decomposition
What is continuous variation?
A type of variation that can have any value
What is the type of reproduction where the offspring are exact clones of the one parent?
Asexual reproduction
What is genetic engineering?
Modifying or changing the genetic code of an organism
What are the 5 kingdoms of classification?
Animals Bacteria Protists Plants Fungi
What is the first stage of evolution?
Variation due to mutation
What is an example of evolution?
MRSA Superbug developing a resistance to antibiotics
What does protein do to the body?
It helps growth (cell building)
What 3 diseases does MMR stand for?
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
What happens if you overuse antibiotics?
Antibiotic resistant diseases can appear
Define metabolic rate
The rate of chemical reactions inside the body
Name two diseases linked to obesity
Arthritis
Type 2 Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
Heart Attack
What nutrient is contained in Agar?
Carbohydrates
What is a pandemic?
The worldwide outbreak of a disease
Define obese
Being severely overweight
Why should drug users not share needles?
Because viruses are transferred in body fluids
Why is an inoculation loop heated in a Bunsen burner flame?
To sterilise it by killing all the bacteria on it
How is information carried across a synapse?
By chemical transmitters
What do anabolic steroids do?
They increase the growth of muscle.
What type of organ produces hormones?
Glands
What is thalidomide used for today?
Sleeping pills or for treating leprosy
What is the gland that produces FSH?
The pituitary gland
Which organ controls the amount of water in the body?
The kidneys
What is a drug?
A substance that affects chemical reactions in the body
What is a synapse?
A junction between two neurones
What is the main purpose of pre-clinical drug testing?
To test if the drug is toxic to humans
What is the name for a range of different species?
Biodiversity
Why are some animals brightly coloured?
To warn animals that they might be poisonous
Why do some desert animals not produce urine?
To conserve water
Give three ways in which energy released in respiration is used.
Maintain body temperature, heartbeat or movement.
What are the four things needed for decay?
Warmth, moisture, oxygen, microorganisms
What are egg and sperm cells called?
Gametes
What does it mean to be in the same species?
To be able to breed together and produce fertile offspring.
How are genes cut out of chromosomes?
With enzymes
