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Science > Biology - B1 > Flashcards

Biology - B1 Flashcards

1
Q

What increases blood pressure?

A
  • smoking
  • a high alcohol intake
  • a diet rich in saturated fats
  • salt
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2
Q

What can high blood pressure do?

A
  • it can damage the brain and also the kidneys
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3
Q

What is the definition of being fit and healthy?

A
  • fit: the ability to do exercise

- healthy: being free from disease

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4
Q

What can the EAR be used to calculate?

A
  • your protein requirements
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5
Q

What can your protein requirements depend on?

A
  • age
  • pregnancy
  • lactation
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6
Q

What can the BMI be used to do?

A
  • to indicate being over or under weight
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7
Q

What will a balanced diet vary according to?

A
  • age
  • gender
  • activity
  • religion
  • personal choice
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8
Q

What can reduce the risk in cancer?

A
  • positive changes to your lifestyle
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9
Q

What is a mosquito and what does it carry?

A
  • it is a vector

- it carries malaria

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10
Q

What is plasmodium?

A
  • it is the pathogen that causes malaria

- it is a parasite and humans are its host

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11
Q

What does immunisation do?

A
  • it protects against certain diseases by using harmless pathogens
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12
Q

What are drugs classified as? Order from most harmful

A
  • class a
  • class b
  • class c
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13
Q

What do depressant and stimulant drugs affect?

A
  • the nervous system by affecting the transmission across synapses
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14
Q

What can high levels of alcohol cause?

A
  • cirrhosis of the liver
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15
Q

What is homeostasis?

A
  • it is maintaining a constant internal environment
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16
Q

What are the two readings of blood pressure and what are they measured in?

A
  • diastolic pressure
  • systolic pressure
  • mmHg
17
Q

What do automatic systems in the body do?

A
  • they keep water, temperature and carbon dioxide levels constant
18
Q

What does the hormone insulin do?

A
  • it controls blood sugar levels and it converts excess blood glucose into glucogen
19
Q

What do vasodilation and vasoconstriction do?

A
  • they control heat transfer from the body
20
Q

What are auxins a group of and why do they cause?

A
  • they are a group of plant hormones

- they cause shoot curvature by cell elongation

21
Q

What is phototropism and geotropism?

A
  • phototropism: response to light

- geotropism: response to gravity

22
Q

What are auxins involved in?

A
  • both phototropism and geotropism
23
Q

What are some commercial uses plant hormones have?

A
  • selective weedkiller
  • rooting powder
  • control or fruit ripening
24
Q

In which part of the eyes are light rays refracted?

A
  • in the conea of the lens
25
Q

How does the eye accommodate?

A
  • by altering the shape of the lens
26
Q

Which has a wider field view but poorer judement? Binocular or monocular vision?

A
  • monocular vision
27
Q

Where does the nerve impulse travel?

A
  • it travels along the axon of a neurone
28
Q

What does a neurotransmitter do and why?

A
  • it diffuses across a synapse

- so the nerve impulse can pass to the next neurone

29
Q

What does a spinal reflex involve?

A
  • a receptor, sensory, relay, motor neurones and an effective
30
Q

What are alleles?

A
  • different versions of the same genes
31
Q

How is sex determined by?

A
  • sex chromosomes
32
Q

What are the chromosomes in male and female (egg and sperm)?

A
  • female: XX

- male: XY

33
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell?

A

-23 pairs

34
Q

How are inherited disorders caused?

A
  • by faulty alleles
35
Q

When are dominant and recessive alleles expressed?

A
  • dominant: expressed if present

- recessive: expressed in the absence of a dominant allele

36
Q

What is the difference between being homozygous and heterozygous?

A
  • homozygous: having two identical alleles

- heterozygous: having two different alleles

37
Q

Are most fault alleles dominant or recessive?

A
  • recessive

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