Biology - B1

Question 1

What do all cells contain?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

What do nucleus’s contain?

Answer 2

Genetic Material

Question 3

What is a chromosome?

Answer 3

a long molecule of DNA that’s coiled up (inside a nucleus)

Question 4

What is a Gene?

Answer 4

a short length of a chromosome

Question 5

What do genes do?

Answer 5

they control the development of different characteristics and how an organism functions

Question 6

What do genes code for?

Answer 6

making a certain protein

Question 7

What controls characteristics like dimples?

Answer 7

only genes

Question 8

What controls characteristics like eye colour?

Answer 8

several or one gene

Question 9

What controls characteristics like scars?

Answer 9

environmental factors

Question 10

what controls characteristics like weight?

Answer 10

environmental factors and genes

Question 11

In body cells chromosomes come in …….?

Answer 11

pairs

Question 12

what are different versions of the same gene called?

Answer 12

alleles

Question 13

Alleles can be………..?

Answer 13

dominant or recessive

Question 14

what do dominant alleles show?

Answer 14

dominant characteristics

Question 15

what do recessive alleles show?

Answer 15

recessive characteristics

Question 16

how many pairs of chromosomes are there in very human body cell?

Answer 16

23 pairs

Question 17

what are the 23rd pair of chromosomes called?

Answer 17

XY

Question 18

what do the XY chromosomes decide?

Answer 18

if your male or female

Question 19

if genes are faulty what do they cause?

Answer 19

they can cause disorders

Question 20

what are the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 20

thick mucus - in the airways, gut and pancreas
breathing difficulty’s
chest infections
difficulty digesting food

Question 21

Is Cystic Fibrosis recessive or dominant?

Answer 21

recessive

Question 22

if a person has only one copy of a Cystic Fibrosis gene what are they known as?

Answer 22

carrier

Question 23

how can a child get Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 23

the parent must be a carrier or sufferer

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Huntington’s Disease?

Answer 24

tremors (shaking)
clumsiness
memory loss
mood changes
poor concentration

Question 25

When does Huntington's Disease set in?

Answer 25

around the age of 40

Question 26

what is Huntington's Disease caused by?

Answer 26

faulty dominant allele of a single gene

Question 27

Who can genetic testing be used on?

Answer 27

embryos children adults

Question 28

what are the issues of genetic testing?

Answer 28

may not be accurate people can be told they have a disorder when they don't (false positive} people don't have a disorder when they do (false negative) aren't 100% safe

Question 29

what type of sexual reproduction produces clones?

Answer 29

Asexual

Question 30

what does Asexual reproduction mean?

Answer 30

reproducing without sexual reproduction

Question 31

how do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 31

they divide in 2

Question 32

what are stem cells?

Answer 32

unspecialised cells (cells without purpose that could turn into different types of cells)

Question 33

what are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 33

unspecialised cells found in embryos and can turn into any kind of cell

Question 34

what are adult stem cells?

Answer 34

unspecialised cells found in adults and can turn into many cell but not all of them

Question 35

how can stem cells be used in medical procedures

Answer 35

to fix blood diseases bone marrow can be transplanted (bone marrow contains stem cells that can replace faulty ones)