Biology B Unit 4 Flashcards
Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s 3 hypotheses
Use and Disuse, Inheritance of Acquired Traits, Tendency Towards Perfection
Other pieces of evidence supporting evolution
anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, & fossils
What did James Hutton propose?
Proposed that Earth has been slowly shaped by geological processes over very long periods of time
What did Charles Lyell propose?
Proposed that geological processes that shaped the Earth over long periods in the past are the same process that operate today
How did scientists like Charles and James help shape Darwin’s theory?
Because Darwin thought that if Earth could change over time, couldn’t life as well? As such, he realized it would have taken many years for life to change the way he suggested it did, and thus that Earth must be really old.
Struggle for Existence
the competition in nature among organisms of a population to maintain themselves in a given environment and to survive to reproduce others of their kind.
Homologous structures are…
similar structures that evolved from a common ancestor
Analogous structures are…
biological structures having similar or corresponding functions but not from the same evolutionary origin
Examples of vestigial organs
Wisdom teeth, third eyelid, coccyx
For a species to evolve into two
or more new species, the ?????? of the two populations must become separated.
gene pools
Convergent evolution
the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods in time
Divergent evolution
the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species
Why study Lamark’s ideas if they are flawed?
Because it’s the way most people assume evolution works until they learn how it actually works. Learning is more effective when your assumptions are first shown to be incorrect.
Bajau people have…
Bigger spleens because their only source of food is from deep in the ocean
How did 13 different finch species make it to the Galapagos?
1.) Founding of a new population
2.) Geographic isolation
3.) Changes in new population’s gene pool
4.) Reproductive isolation
5.) Ecological competition
