Biology B Unit 2 Flashcards
two reasons why cells have to divide
Surface area to volume ratio; DNA overload
DNA Overload
The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA, inhibiting it from functioning efficiently as opposed to smaller cells
2 stages of cell division
Mitosis (division of nucleus)
Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
Proteins that regulate the cell cycle
Cyclins
Longest phase of mitosis
Prophase
Shortest phase of mitosis
Metaphase
Cells spend ___% of time in…
90% of time in Interphase
G0 Phase
Phase when the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide
Order of mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Chromosomes in human body; human sex cells
46; 23
3 common ways to treat cancer
Radiation, Chemotherapy, Surgery
Apoptosis
The process of programmed cell death
Organization of chromatin vs. chromosome
Chromatin isn’t organized but is spread throughout nucleus, thus making it easier for transcription and replication
Chromosomes are organized, necessary & helpful for cell division
Chromatin is…
Loosely coiled & unorganized
