Biology and Plants

Question 1

Flowers

Answer 1

Flowers are for reproduction

Question 2

Leaf

Answer 2

Makes food for the plant (photosynthesis). Cools the plant when water vapour passes through it. Allows the exchange of carbom dioxide and oxygen. Leaf stores food (e.g. Lettuce, cabbage, cress, spinach)

Question 3

Fruit

Answer 3

Protects seeds, provides food for seeds

Question 4

The bud

Answer 4

Allows new leaves and flowers to grow

Question 5

Stem

Answer 5

The stem allows the transport of food, water and minerals around the plant.
It also supports the plant and holds it upright
Stems store food (e.g. Potato)

Question 6

Roots

Answer 6

Anchor and support
Take in water and nutrients
Store food (e.g. carrots and turnips)

Question 7

Transport

Answer 7

There are vessels in a plant, the xylem and the phloem

Question 8

Xylem

Answer 8

Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem.
Minerals from the soil are dissolved in the water, and so, travel in the xylem also.

Question 9

Phloem

Answer 9

Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem

Question 10

Transpiration

Answer 10

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

The stomata are little holes on the underside of the leaves

Question 12

Transpiration stream

Answer 12

The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the transpiration stream

Question 13

Shoots tropism

Answer 13

Shoots/stems are positively phototropic, negatively geotropic

Question 14

Why is geotropism good?

Answer 14

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil
Having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

Question 15

Why is phototropism good?

Answer 15

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food!

Question 16

Photosynthesis

Answer 16

Photosynthesis is the process where green plants make energy

Question 17

Chlorophyll

Answer 17

It is a green chemiclal needed for photosynthesis

Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts in plant cells

Question 18

How are leaves designed for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

Leaves are flat and thin so sunlight can get through them

Leaves have tiny holes called stomata to allow oxygen out and carbon dioxide in.

Question 19

Sexual reproduction

Answer 19

The flower isthe sexual reproduction organ of the plant
Male cells called pollen are made here
Female cells called egg cells are made here

Question 20

Sepal

Answer 20

Protects the flower before it blooms

Question 21

Petals

Answer 21

Coloured and scented to attract insects

Question 22

Male parts

Answer 22

Stamen made up of filament and anther

Question 23

Filament

Answer 23

Holds up anther

Question 24

Anther

Answer 24

Makes pollen

Question 25

Female parts

Answer 25

Carpel, made up of the stigma, style and ovary

Question 26

Ovary

Answer 26

Makes the egg or ovule (gamete)

Question 27

Stigma

Answer 27

Pollen lands and sticks to it

Question 28

Style

Answer 28

Makes a tube fot the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)

Question 29

Sexual reproduction steps

Answer 29

1. Pollination 2. Feryilisation 3. Seed and fruit formation 4. Seed dispersal 5. Germination

Question 30

Why is geotropism good?

Answer 30

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil Having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

Question 31

Why is phototropism good?

Answer 31

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food!

Question 32

Photosynthesis

Answer 32

Photosynthesis is the process where green plants make energy

Question 33

Chlorophyll

Answer 33

It is a green chemiclal needed for photosynthesis | Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts in plant cells

Question 34

How are leaves designed for photosynthesis?

Answer 34

Leaves are flat and thin so sunlight can get through them | Leaves have tiny holes called stomata to allow oxygen out and carbon dioxide in.

Question 35

Zygote

Answer 35

When the male and female nucleus fuse they form the zygote. The zygote divides and develops into the plant embryo

Question 36

Embryo

Answer 36

The embryo is made up of the plumule and the radicle

Question 37

Plumule

Answer 37

The plumule will become the plant shot

Question 38

Radicle

Answer 38

The radicle will become the plant root

Question 39

Seed

Answer 39

After fertilisation the fertilised egg becomes the seed

Question 40

Functions of the fruit

Answer 40

Protects the seed, allows the seed to be carried away and provide food

Question 41

2 types of fruit

Answer 41

Fruit can be fleshy or dry. Examples of dry fruit would be dandelion seeds and sycamore seeds. Examples of fleshy fruit would be apples and oranges

Question 42

Seed dispersal

Answer 42

The way plants spread their seeds. The seeds need to be carried because seeds need space light water and minerals to survive

Question 43

Animal dispersal

Answer 43

When fleshy fruits are eaten and passed through animals unharmed and come out in faeces somewhere else

Question 44

Self dispersal

Answer 44

Some plants explode to release their seeds e.g. pea pods

Question 45

Water dispersal

Answer 45

When plants produce seeds to float away e.g. water Lillie’s

Question 46

Germination

Answer 46

Germination is the growth of seeds into a new plant. Seeds need water, oxygen and heat to germinate

Question 47

Asexual reproduction

Answer 47

This involves only one parent. Tulips and daffodils make bulbs which can be planted to make new plants. Strawberry plants and buttercups use runners. Asexual reproduction results in an exact copy of the parent plant or a clone.

Question 48

Cutting

Answer 48

Sometimes if a leaf or a piece of stem from a plant is cut off and planted it can grow into another plant e.g. geraniums

Question 49

Grafting

Answer 49

Joining the bud or stem of one plant to another well developed plant e.g. fruit trees

Question 50

Micropropagation

Answer 50

Tissue culture. A small sample of tissue is taken from a plant and grown in a lab