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Biology and Plants Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Flowers

A

Flowers are for reproduction

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2
Q

Leaf

A

Makes food for the plant (photosynthesis). Cools the plant when water vapour passes through it. Allows the exchange of carbom dioxide and oxygen. Leaf stores food (e.g. Lettuce, cabbage, cress, spinach)

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3
Q

Fruit

A

Protects seeds, provides food for seeds

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4
Q

The bud

A

Allows new leaves and flowers to grow

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5
Q

Stem

A

The stem allows the transport of food, water and minerals around the plant.
It also supports the plant and holds it upright
Stems store food (e.g. Potato)

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6
Q

Roots

A

Anchor and support
Take in water and nutrients
Store food (e.g. carrots and turnips)

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7
Q

Transport

A

There are vessels in a plant, the xylem and the phloem

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8
Q

Xylem

A

Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem.
Minerals from the soil are dissolved in the water, and so, travel in the xylem also.

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9
Q

Phloem

A

Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem

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10
Q

Transpiration

A

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves

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11
Q

Stomata

A

The stomata are little holes on the underside of the leaves

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12
Q

Transpiration stream

A

The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the transpiration stream

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13
Q

Shoots tropism

A

Shoots/stems are positively phototropic, negatively geotropic

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14
Q

Why is geotropism good?

A

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil
Having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

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15
Q

Why is phototropism good?

A

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food!

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16
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis is the process where green plants make energy

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17
Q

Chlorophyll

A

It is a green chemiclal needed for photosynthesis

Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts in plant cells

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18
Q

How are leaves designed for photosynthesis?

A

Leaves are flat and thin so sunlight can get through them

Leaves have tiny holes called stomata to allow oxygen out and carbon dioxide in.

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19
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

The flower isthe sexual reproduction organ of the plant
Male cells called pollen are made here
Female cells called egg cells are made here

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20
Q

Sepal

A

Protects the flower before it blooms

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21
Q

Petals

A

Coloured and scented to attract insects

22
Q

Male parts

A

Stamen made up of filament and anther

23
Q

Filament

A

Holds up anther

24
Q

Anther

A

Makes pollen

25
Q

Female parts

A

Carpel, made up of the stigma, style and ovary

26
Q

Ovary

A

Makes the egg or ovule (gamete)

27
Q

Stigma

A

Pollen lands and sticks to it

28
Q

Style

A

Makes a tube fot the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)

29
Q

Sexual reproduction steps

A
  1. Pollination
  2. Feryilisation
  3. Seed and fruit formation
  4. Seed dispersal
  5. Germination
30
Q

Why is geotropism good?

A

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil
Having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

31
Q

Why is phototropism good?

A

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food!

32
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis is the process where green plants make energy

33
Q

Chlorophyll

A

It is a green chemiclal needed for photosynthesis

Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts in plant cells

34
Q

How are leaves designed for photosynthesis?

A

Leaves are flat and thin so sunlight can get through them

Leaves have tiny holes called stomata to allow oxygen out and carbon dioxide in.

35
Q

Zygote

A

When the male and female nucleus fuse they form the zygote. The zygote divides and develops into the plant embryo

36
Q

Embryo

A

The embryo is made up of the plumule and the radicle

37
Q

Plumule

A

The plumule will become the plant shot

38
Q

Radicle

A

The radicle will become the plant root

39
Q

Seed

A

After fertilisation the fertilised egg becomes the seed

40
Q

Functions of the fruit

A

Protects the seed, allows the seed to be carried away and provide food

41
Q

2 types of fruit

A

Fruit can be fleshy or dry. Examples of dry fruit would be dandelion seeds and sycamore seeds. Examples of fleshy fruit would be apples and oranges

42
Q

Seed dispersal

A

The way plants spread their seeds. The seeds need to be carried because seeds need space light water and minerals to survive

43
Q

Animal dispersal

A

When fleshy fruits are eaten and passed through animals unharmed and come out in faeces somewhere else

44
Q

Self dispersal

A

Some plants explode to release their seeds e.g. pea pods

45
Q

Water dispersal

A

When plants produce seeds to float away e.g. water Lillie’s

46
Q

Germination

A

Germination is the growth of seeds into a new plant. Seeds need water, oxygen and heat to germinate

47
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

This involves only one parent. Tulips and daffodils make bulbs which can be planted to make new plants. Strawberry plants and buttercups use runners. Asexual reproduction results in an exact copy of the parent plant or a clone.

48
Q

Cutting

A

Sometimes if a leaf or a piece of stem from a plant is cut off and planted it can grow into another plant e.g. geraniums

49
Q

Grafting

A

Joining the bud or stem of one plant to another well developed plant e.g. fruit trees

50
Q

Micropropagation

A

Tissue culture. A small sample of tissue is taken from a plant and grown in a lab

Science (5 decks)

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