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Psych 001 > Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

Biology and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Demokritus proclomation

A

THought physical strucutre of both animate and inanimate objects must be made up of smaller compnents not visiable to naked eye

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2
Q

What development confimed cells in plants and animals

A

Microscopy

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3
Q

How do we distuiguish cells

A

Embroyological, morphological, and functional properties

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4
Q

How is genetic material transmitted

A

Through chromosomes and genes

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structures in nucleus of cell body that are made up of DNA

46 for humans (23 pairs)

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6
Q

Genes

A

the basic unit of heredity, a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or RNA molecule

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7
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

Are we the way we are becuase we were:
1. born this way or
2. 2. society made us this way

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8
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic material we inherit from our parents

Same genetic material is inside the nucleus of every cell in the body

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9
Q

phenotype

A

The observable expression of genotype

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10
Q

Enviroment (in regard to psych)

A

Every asepct of the indivduals surrounding (including prenatal expereince)< other than the genes

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11
Q

Epigenetics

A

how much a gene is expressed, depending on the enviroment

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12
Q

Do individuals express every chracteris in their genetic makeup

A

No!

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13
Q

What do regulator genes do

A

Control activity of gens

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14
Q

Polgenic inheritance

A

Involves many genes, doesnt follow simple mendelian inheritance patterns

HOW MOST INHERITANCE IS

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15
Q

Monozygotic vs Dizygotic Twins and there use

A

GOOD FOR NATURE v NURTURE STUDIES
Monozygotic: indentical twins, share 100% of genetic twins
Dizygotic: faternal twins (share 50% of the same genetic material- same as all siblings

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16
Q

Two divisions of nervous system

A

Central nervous system (CNS): brian and spinal cord

Perhieral Nervous system (PNS): all the other nerves

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17
Q

Nerve cells (neurons)

A

Process and communicate information: give rise to mental representations

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18
Q

Glial Cells (or Glia)

A

Protect and nourish the neurons- play mostly supportive role

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19
Q

Synapse

A

The junction between the terminal boutons of a sending neuron and the dendrite sof a receiving neuron. The site at which chemical communicaiton occurs

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20
Q

How do neurons communicate

A

Electrical impulses within, chemical signals between neurons (at synapse)

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21
Q

How do electrical charges work

A

Neuron is normally inactive with resting membrane potential. All cells in the body have a resting membrane potenital. But a neuron can be suddenly depolarize (change electrical charge)

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22
Q

Action Potential :D

I love action potenital

A

Neurol impulse that is generate at the cell body, progrates down the axon, and cuases release of chemicals from terminal

After the nueron will return to resting potenital (with a period of refractory period)

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23
Q

All or none Property of electrical message

A

A neuron will either fire an action potential or not (like a gun, it will either shoot the bullet or not no inbetween)

Same potency every time

24
Q

Refractory period

A

Short period after firing where a neuron cannot fire another AP. This ensures AP will only travel in one direction

25
Neurotransmitter
Chemcial substance that carriers signals from one nueron to another (presynaptic to postsynaptic neuron ## Footnote Stores in vesticles, in terminal bouton
26
Receptors:
Specialized protien molecules moslty found on dedrites of postsynaptic neurons ## Footnote **Highly Specialized**, like a key in a lock
27
Excitatory effect
postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire an AP
28
Inhibitory effect
postsynaptic neuron is silenced
29
NeuroTransmitter silencing
chewed up enzyme or pulled back into the cell (reuptake)
30
Gluatamate
always exciting: good for enchancment of action potentials and learning +memory
31
GABA
inhibition of action potenial, and anxiety reduction
32
Serotonin
* Emotional states and impulsivness * dreaming
33
Dopamine
* Reward Hormone * Motor Control * Involved with addicition, schizophrenia, parkinsons
34
SSRI
Selective sertonin reuptake inhibitors
35
Motor (efferent) neuron
Direct msucle to contract or relax, producing movment
35
Senosry (afferent neurons)
Detect info from physical world and pass info to brain
36
Spinal reflex arc
Info is processed in spine, not brain. Its reflex and very very fast. ## Footnote Lets say you burn yourself. Your sensory neurons will sense this, send it to internuerosn in spine, which will process it, then send it back to motor neruons to make you move.
37
Spinal Cord
coordination of some reflexes, carries sensory info to the brian and motor singals away from the brain
38
Grey matter
Consists of neurosn cell bodies (so DNA)
39
White matter
Consists of moslty axons and fatty mylein sheaths that surrond them
40
Brianstem
extension of spinal cord (vital controls)
41
Crebellum
coordination and fine movement
42
Cerebral Cortex
Human part of brain: evolved with humans (not often found in other animals) Contains 4 lobes
43
Occipital Lobe
Vision
44
Temporal lobe
Hearing, memory
45
Parietal lobe
touch, spatial relations
46
Frontal lobe
thought, planning, and movement
47
Corpus callosum ## Footnote Arguablly the coolest part of the brian
Connects right and left hemespheres and allows info to flow between them | A bridge!
48
Peripheral Nervous System
Contains Somatic and autonomic nevrous system
49
Somatic nervous system
transmits sensory and motor signals to and from central nervous system
50
Autonomic nervous system
regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. ## Footnote Contrains sympathetic divsions and parasympathetic division
51
Sympathetic division
Prepares body for action (flight or fight)
52
Parasympathetic divsion
Returns body to its resting state (Rest and digest)
53
Scared physiolgical effects
* Dilates pulils * Relaxes bronchi * Accelerates, stengthens hearbeat
54
Plasticity
the capacity of the brain tobe modified by experience or development
55
neurogensis
the brith of new neurons
56

Psych 001 (6 decks)

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