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Science 9 > Biology 9 > Flashcards

Biology 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cell

A

Smallest unit with properties of life

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2
Q

What is a chloroplast and what does it look like?

A

In plants, they use it to trap energy and use it for energy

It looks like a round oval disk

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3
Q

What is a mitochondria and what does it look like?

A

The powerhouse of the cell, undergoes cellular respiration and creates energy

It looks like a round bean with squiggles in it

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4
Q

What is the ribosome and what does it look like

A

Protein synthesis/ making proteins

It looks like a sphere

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5
Q

What is a nucleus and what does it look like?

A

Controls all cell activities

A bigger sphere in the middle of the cell

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6
Q

What is a golgi body and what does it look like?

A

Sorts and packs proteins for transport

Small Folded squiggles near ER

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7
Q

What is a endoplasmic reticulum and what does it look like?

A

Transport system for all materials made in a cell

Bigger folded squiggles near golgi body

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8
Q

What is a cell membrane and what does it look like?

A

Allows what enter or exits the cell

A thin layer border surrounding the outside of the cell

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9
Q

What is a cell wall and what does it look like?

A

Only in plants, for structure and support

The outermost border outside of the membrane

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10
Q

What is cytoplasm a and what does it look like?

A

Jelly like substance that makes up all the empty space in a cell

The empty space beside all the organelles

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11
Q

What is an DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid - your bodies storage information

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12
Q

What is a gene?

A

Small segments of DNA that control for a certain trait

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13
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

A double helix or a ladder

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14
Q

If one strand of DNA has the sequence GTACCTGC, what is sequence on the opposite strand?

A

G=C

T=A

so,

“CATGGACG”

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15
Q

What are the stages of life cycle of a cell?

A

1.Interphase -normal growth and function
2.Mitosis -cell nucleus duplicates
3.Cytokinesis -cell split into 2

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16
Q

Which stage does a cell spend most of its life in?

A

Interphase

17
Q

Where does mitosis take place in our body?

A

All cells except gametes (egg and sperm)

18
Q

Describe all stages of mitosis

A

Prophase -spindle fibres form nuclear membrane disappears

Metaphase - chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

Anaphase - chromosomes get pullen apart at the opposite side of the cell

Telophase - spindle fibres disappear nuclear membrane reappears

19
Q

What is the result of mitosis

A

Two diploid (full) cells

20
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Process of producing gametes
(Sexual reproduction)

21
Q

Why is meiosis called reduction division?

A

Start at larger amount of chromosomes then reduce to smaller ones

22
Q

Where does meiosis take place in our body?

A

Reproductive system

23
Q

What is the result of meiosis I

A

Two diploid (full) cells

24
Q

What is the result of meiosis II?

A

4 haploid (half) cells

25
Q

What type of cells in our bodies are diploid and what type of cells are haploid?

A

Diploid: every cell in our bodies except egg and sperm

Haploid: egg and sperm

26
Q

How many chromosomes are in our body and how many are in our gametes?

A

Body: 46 chromosomes

Gametes: 23 chromosomes

27
Q

What are chromosomes, chromatins, and chromatids?

A

Chromosome: DNA strands

Chromatins: loosely bundled chromosomes

Chromatids: one half of x shaped chromosome

28
Q

What is asexual and sexual reproduction?

A

Asexual: organism reproduces without partner

Sexual: reproduces with partner, combining their DNA

29
Q

What are the advantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual: genetic diversity, can be internal of external (could be good or bad)

Asexual: no energy required, reproduce in faster and larger numbers

30
Q

What are the disadvantages for both sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual: spend energy to find mate, can be internal or external (good or bad)

Asexual:clones can have weaknesses, competition when numbers are large

31
Q

List the 5 different type of asexual reproduction and describe them

A

Budding: undergo repeated mitosis to form clones

Fragmentation:
Part of organism breaks off, the part grows into the clones of the parent

Spore formation:
fungi can form spores or single cells that grow into new organidms

Vegetative reproduction:
Plants develop structured that form plants into identical parents

Binary fission: single cell organisms splitting into identical copies

32
Q

What are the 2 processes in sexual reproduction that gives genetic variation

A

Meiosis, and crossing over

33
Q

Describe what happens in meiosis I

A

Prophase I: spindle fibres forms, nuclear membrane gone, crossing over occurs

Metaphase I: homologous (pairs) cells pair up in middle

Anaphase I: spindle fibres pull pairs of chromosomes on other side

Telophase I:nuclear membrane forms, spindle fibres gone

34
Q

Describe what happens in meiosis II

A

Prophase II: spindle fibres form, nuclear membrane gone

Metaphase II: single chromosomes get put in middle

Anaphase II: spindle fibres pull sister chromatids on other side

Telophase II: same thing as telophase I

35
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Fertilized egg

Science 9 (10 decks)

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