Biology 9

Question 1

What is a cell

Answer 1

Smallest unit with properties of life

Question 2

What is a chloroplast and what does it look like?

Answer 2

In plants, they use it to trap energy and use it for energy

It looks like a round oval disk

Question 3

What is a mitochondria and what does it look like?

Answer 3

The powerhouse of the cell, undergoes cellular respiration and creates energy

It looks like a round bean with squiggles in it

Question 4

What is the ribosome and what does it look like

Answer 4

Protein synthesis/ making proteins

It looks like a sphere

Question 5

What is a nucleus and what does it look like?

Answer 5

Controls all cell activities

A bigger sphere in the middle of the cell

Question 6

What is a golgi body and what does it look like?

Answer 6

Sorts and packs proteins for transport

Small Folded squiggles near ER

Question 7

What is a endoplasmic reticulum and what does it look like?

Answer 7

Transport system for all materials made in a cell

Bigger folded squiggles near golgi body

Question 8

What is a cell membrane and what does it look like?

Answer 8

Allows what enter or exits the cell

A thin layer border surrounding the outside of the cell

Question 9

What is a cell wall and what does it look like?

Answer 9

Only in plants, for structure and support

The outermost border outside of the membrane

Question 10

What is cytoplasm a and what does it look like?

Answer 10

Jelly like substance that makes up all the empty space in a cell

The empty space beside all the organelles

Question 11

What is an DNA

Answer 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid - your bodies storage information

Question 12

What is a gene?

Answer 12

Small segments of DNA that control for a certain trait

Question 13

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 13

A double helix or a ladder

Question 14

If one strand of DNA has the sequence GTACCTGC, what is sequence on the opposite strand?

Answer 14

G=C

T=A

so,

“CATGGACG”

Question 15

What are the stages of life cycle of a cell?

Answer 15

1.Interphase -normal growth and function
2.Mitosis -cell nucleus duplicates
3.Cytokinesis -cell split into 2

Question 16

Which stage does a cell spend most of its life in?

Answer 16

Interphase

Question 17

Where does mitosis take place in our body?

Answer 17

All cells except gametes (egg and sperm)

Question 18

Describe all stages of mitosis

Answer 18

Prophase -spindle fibres form nuclear membrane disappears

Metaphase - chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

Anaphase - chromosomes get pullen apart at the opposite side of the cell

Telophase - spindle fibres disappear nuclear membrane reappears

Question 19

What is the result of mitosis

Answer 19

Two diploid (full) cells

Question 20

What is meiosis?

Answer 20

Process of producing gametes
(Sexual reproduction)

Question 21

Why is meiosis called reduction division?

Answer 21

Start at larger amount of chromosomes then reduce to smaller ones

Question 22

Where does meiosis take place in our body?

Answer 22

Reproductive system

Question 23

What is the result of meiosis I

Answer 23

Two diploid (full) cells

Question 24

What is the result of meiosis II?

Answer 24

4 haploid (half) cells

Question 25

What type of cells in our bodies are diploid and what type of cells are haploid?

Answer 25

Diploid: every cell in our bodies except egg and sperm Haploid: egg and sperm

Question 26

How many chromosomes are in our body and how many are in our gametes?

Answer 26

Body: 46 chromosomes Gametes: 23 chromosomes

Question 27

What are chromosomes, chromatins, and chromatids?

Answer 27

Chromosome: DNA strands Chromatins: loosely bundled chromosomes Chromatids: one half of x shaped chromosome

Question 28

What is asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 28

Asexual: organism reproduces without partner Sexual: reproduces with partner, combining their DNA

Question 29

What are the advantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 29

Sexual: genetic diversity, can be internal of external (could be good or bad) Asexual: no energy required, reproduce in faster and larger numbers

Question 30

What are the disadvantages for both sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 30

Sexual: spend energy to find mate, can be internal or external (good or bad) Asexual:clones can have weaknesses, competition when numbers are large

Question 31

List the 5 different type of asexual reproduction and describe them

Answer 31

Budding: undergo repeated mitosis to form clones Fragmentation: Part of organism breaks off, the part grows into the clones of the parent Spore formation: fungi can form spores or single cells that grow into new organidms Vegetative reproduction: Plants develop structured that form plants into identical parents Binary fission: single cell organisms splitting into identical copies

Question 32

What are the 2 processes in sexual reproduction that gives genetic variation

Answer 32

Meiosis, and crossing over

Question 33

Describe what happens in meiosis I

Answer 33

Prophase I: spindle fibres forms, nuclear membrane gone, *crossing over occurs* Metaphase I: homologous (pairs) cells pair up in middle Anaphase I: spindle fibres pull pairs of chromosomes on other side Telophase I:nuclear membrane forms, spindle fibres gone

Question 34

Describe what happens in meiosis II

Answer 34

Prophase II: spindle fibres form, nuclear membrane gone Metaphase II: single chromosomes get put in middle Anaphase II: spindle fibres pull sister chromatids on other side Telophase II: same thing as telophase I

Question 35

What is a zygote?

Answer 35

Fertilized egg