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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Carry the egg to the uterus fertilization occurs here

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3
Q

Uterus

A

Womb where the fertilized egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

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7
Q

Menstruation

A

Uterus becomes thicker and rich in blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg if the egg is not fertilized by a sperm the thickened uterus lining is not needed and breaks away the lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5 ) another word is period

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8
Q

Fertile period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant intercourse 2 or 3 days before during or after ovulation could lead to fertilization.

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9
Q

Pause to menstural cycle

A

Pause to menstural cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy the first sign of pregnancy is that menstruation does not happen

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstural cycle. It happens at the age of late 40s to early 50s

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11
Q

Testes

A

Produces sperm

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

Where the testes are it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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14
Q

Vas deferens

A

Sperm duct brings the sperm from the testis to the penis

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15
Q

Seminal vesicles prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

Produces seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen it nourishes the sperm and allows it to swim

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16
Q

Penis

A

Enters the females and ejaculates semen

17
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature it normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

18
Q

Male puberty

A

In males sex hormones are released causing the voice to deepen hair grows around the sex organs face chest and underarms the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

19
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body the first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring an egg will be released every month until menopause

20
Q

Fertilization

A

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube and a couple have sexual intercourse then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it the nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilized egg the woman is now pregnant

21
Q

Embryo

A

The fertilized egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus this group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embryo

22
Q

Zygote-embryo-foetus

A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single - zygote cell division occurs and growth - embryo which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more and after 8 weeks looks like a human - foetus

23
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks as the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid the fluid provides a cushion for the embryo

24
Q

Placenta

A

Rich in blood vessels it is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

25
Q

Birth

A

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract this is called labour the bag of amniotic fluid bursts waters breaks and further contractions push the baby out usually head first through the vagina the umbilical cord is cut and the placenta afterbirth comes out after

26
Q

Lactation

A

The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant the production of breast milk is called lactation the first three days of milk is called colostrum very nutritional and helps protect the baby from infection

27
Q

Family planning

A

The control the number of children you have you need to control the number of fertilization takes place natural methods of contraption aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and above intercourse during the fertile period

28
Q

Artificial methods of conterception

A

Prevent the spermicide and egg meeting an example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina another example is the contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation it is importantly reach no method is 100% reliable

29
Q

Chromosomes and genes

A

The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of protein + DNA
These chromosomes carry genes
Genes are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid

30
Q

Inherited characteristics

A

Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents. The instructions for these inherited characteristics were carried in the two cells that made you the egg and sperm

31
Q

Taxonomy

A

is the science of classifying organisms.

32
Q

Classification

A

is the placing of organisms into groups, based on similar characteristics.This simplifies the study of organisms and allow scientists to communicate with each other.The basic unit of classification is the species.

33
Q

A species

A

is a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.(Liger = sterile offspring of a male lion and a female tiger)(A mule is the sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)

34
Q

Heredity

A

is the handing down of certain traits from parents to offspring through genes e.g. length of nose.

35
Q

Variation

A

Means the difference in characteristics between members of the same species. Variations can be acquired (picked up during the life of the organism) eg riding a bicycle or inherited (genetic- can be passed to the next generation) eg tongue rolling

36
Q

Natural selection

A

Is the process by which the members of a species who are most suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce

37
Q

Variation caused by environment

A

Where and how we live our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do and any hormonal factors affecting our body

38
Q

Variation caused by inheritance

A

The color of eyes or hair caused by the genes passed from our parents

39
Q

Nature versus nurture

A

These two factor interact with each other how tall a person grows may be influenced by their diet as well as their genes

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