Biology

Question 1

4 things that the energy from respiration is used for

Answer 1

cell division
muscle contraction
active transport
protein and other molecule synthesis

Question 2

where does aerobic respiration take place in prokaryotes

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

glucose —- lactic acid + energy

Question 4

what is oxygen debt

Answer 4

the extra oxygen taken in during rapid breathing after exercise. used to oxidise toxic lactic acid and remove it from the body

Question 5

structure of relay neurons

Answer 5

1) many short dendrites that carry nerve impulses from sensory neurons to the cell body
2) many short axons that carry nerve impulses from the cell body to motor neurons

Question 6

functions of the liver

Answer 6

removal of glucose from the blood and breakdowns hormones- due to insulin
synthesises cholesterol which is important in stability of cell membranes

Question 7

which structures play a role in lowering plasma osmolarity

Answer 7

pituitary
collecting duct
hypothalamus
kidneys

Question 8

how does the bowman’s capsule assist in clearing urea from the blood

Answer 8

allows urea to diffuse into the filtrate under filtration pressure

Question 9

what is the function of the brush border in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

increases the surface area available for absorption

Question 10

sequence of structures through which urine flows

Answer 10

collecting duct- ureter - urinary bladder - urethra

Question 11

what chambers of the heart pump oxygenated blood

Answer 11

left atrium and left ventricle

Question 12

in a healthy person, where should the highest blood pressure be

Answer 12

aorta

Question 13

where does gas exchange between blood and tissues occur

Answer 13

in capillaries only

Question 14

at which location does haemoglobin bind most strongly to oxygen

Answer 14

pulmonary veins

Question 15

what is the role of bile

Answer 15

emulsification of lipids

Question 16

where does most chemical digestion of food occur

Answer 16

small intestine

Question 17

where does most digestion of protein occur

Answer 17

stomach and small intestine

Question 18

what part of the gut is involved with water and salt absorption

Answer 18

large intestine which includes caecum, rectum, sigmoid colon, ascending colon

Question 19

what are sinusoids

Answer 19

a connection of hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and bile duct

Question 20

difference between pharynx and larynx

Answer 20

pharynx extends from mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx

Question 21

what is a restriction enzyme

Answer 21

used to cut dna into smaller fragments made at specific nucleotide sequences

Question 22

what is ligase

Answer 22

an enzyme that catalyses the joining of 2 large molecules