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Science 10 Pre-IB > Biology - 6.2 > Flashcards

Biology - 6.2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Accessory Organs

A

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

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1
Q

Digestive system

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Egestion

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2
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Chemical Digestion

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3
Q

Salivary Amylase

A

Begins to break down starch into simple sugars (disaccharides)

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4
Q

Bolus

A

Chewed up food

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5
Q

SOP: Saliva

A

Mouth

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6
Q

SOP: Mucus

A

Mouth, stomach, small and large intestine

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7
Q

SOP: Enzymes

A

Mouth, stomach, pancreas, small intestine

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8
Q

SOP: Acid

A

Stomach

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9
Q

SOP: Bile

A

Liver

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10
Q

SOP: Bicarbonate

A

Pancreas and small intestine

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11
Q

Function of saliva

A

Lubricates mouth to aid swallowing

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12
Q

Function of mucus

A

Protects cell lining in digestive tract

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13
Q

Function of enzymes

A

Promote digestion of food masses into particles small enough for absorption into blood

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14
Q

Function of acid

A

Promotes digestion of protein

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15
Q

Function of bike

A

Aid digestion of data in small intestine

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16
Q

Function of bicarbonate

A

NeutraliZes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine

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17
Q

Esophagus

A

Directs food from mouth to stomach

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18
Q

How does food move through the esophagus?

A

Peristalsis

19
Q

Peristalsis

A

A wavelike series of muscular contractions and relaxations

20
Q

Esophageal Sphincter

A

Controls entry to stomach and prevents acidic contents of stomach from backing up into the esophagus

21
Q

3 Functions of stomach

A
  1. Storage
  2. Digestion
  3. Pushing food into the small intestine
22
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Controls exit of the stomachs contents into the small intestine

23
Q

How is chyme produced?

A

Small pieces of food + gastric juice

24
Q

Function of gastric juice

A

Responsible for chemical digestion of stomach

25
Q

What makes up gastric juice?

A 
Water
Mucus
Salts
HCl
Enzymes
26
Q

pH of HCl

A

1 to 3

27
Q

Function of HCl

A
  1. Acidic environment begins to soften and break down proteins in chyme
  2. Kills most bacteria
28
Q

3 methods of protection in stomach

A
  1. Secretes gastric juice until food is present
  2. Secrete mucus which protects stomach lining from gastric juice
  3. Produces pepsin which remains inactive until HCl is present
29
Q

Segmentation

A

Chyme sloshes back and forth between segments of the small intestine while food is pushed along by peristalsis

30
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Complete digestion of macromolecules and to absorb their component subunits

31
Q

3 Regions of small intestine

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
32
Q

Duodenum

A

Site for chemical digestion of the chyme received from the stomach

33
Q

Function of Jejunum and ileum

A

Absorb nutrients and to push the remaining undigested material into the large intestine

34
Q

Function of lymph vessels

A

Conduct absorbed substances from the small intestine into the bloodstream and the lymphatic system

35
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Delivers pancreatic fluid to duodenum

36
Q

What enzymes are in pancreatic fluid?

A

Trypsin
Pancreatic amylase
Lipase

37
Q

Function of trypsin, pancreatic amylase and lipase

A

Trypsin: digest protein
Pancreatic amylase: digests starch in small intestine
Lipase: digests fat

38
Q

What happens after enzymes from pancreas are released into duodenum?

A
  1. Activated by enzymes secreted from lining
  2. Digest proteins
  3. Bicarbonate neutralizes HCl and gives chyme pH of 8
39
Q

Function of liver

A

Secretes bile

40
Q

Function of bile salts

A

Assists lipase in digesting fats because they are partly soluble in water and partly soluble in fats

41
Q

Function of gallbladder

A

Stores bile

42
Q

How is bile injected into the duodenum ?

A

Fat-containing chyme causes gallbladder to contract and bile is sent through a duct to the duodenum

43
Q

Function of carbohydrases

A

Digest carbs

44
Q

Function of lipases

A

Digest fats

45
Q

Function of proteases

A

Digest larger polypeptides

46
Q

Function of nucleases

A

Digest nucleic acid

Science 10 Pre-IB (3 decks)

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