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DAT 2017 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Transcription occurs in the…

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Translation occurs in the…

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Golgi apparatus or golgi complex deals with what function?

A

Package, sort, and secreting proteins (most importantly…hormones)

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4
Q

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

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5
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the…

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

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6
Q

Where does ETC pump protons?

A

Intermembrane space

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7
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cell cytoplasm

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8
Q

Dumb King Phillip Calls Oprah For Good Sex

A 
Domain 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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9
Q

Strep

A

Bacterial growth in chains

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10
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical

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11
Q

Staph

A

Growth in clusters

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12
Q

Bacillus

A

Growth in rod like structures

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13
Q

Spirilla

A

Growth in spirals

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14
Q

Epiglottis function

A

Closes trachea when swallowing

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15
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

FLAT + Prolactin + HGH

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

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16
Q

Posterior Pituitary hormones

A

ADH (Vasopressin) + oxytocin

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17
Q

Connective tissues

A

Bones, blood, adipose or fat, and cartilage

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18
Q

Calcitonin stimulates…

A

Osteoblast activity

  • wants to lower blood calcium, therefore stimulates bone build up
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19
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Conserves heat and acts as shock absorber

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20
Q

Ectoderm develops

A

Epidermis (outer layer) of skin, hair, nails, nervous system, lens of eye, enamel of teeth

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21
Q

Mesoderm develops

A

Dermis of skin, muscle, skeleton, circulatory system, gonads, kidneys, respiratory tracts, notochord

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22
Q

Endoderm develops

A

Lining of digestive and layer of respiratory tracts, liver, pancreas

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23
Q

Blastula

A

Hollow sphere of cells

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24
Q

Morula

A

Solid ball of cells

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25
Q

Gastrula

A

3 layered blastula

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26
Q

Translocation occurs during which phase of translation?

A

Elongation

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27
Q

Pleitropy

A

One gene has multiple phenotypic outcomes (Ex. Sickle Cell disease)

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28
Q

A bacteria cell is _______ to the surrounding water

A

Hyperosmotic

Resulting in a lyses when cell wall is broken down

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29
Q

Products of light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

A

O2, NADPH, and ATP

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30
Q

Products of light independent rxns of photosynthesis

A

Glucose (C6H12O6), NADP+, ADP

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31
Q

Tight junctions

A

Most commonly in digestive sys. - prevent passage of materials

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32
Q

Desmosomes

A

Anchoring junction that provide mech. stability.

Often seen in animal skin cells

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33
Q

Gap junctions

A

Narrow protein channels between animal cells (allow exchange of ions, but no cytoplasm)

Used in cell to cell communication

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34
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Narrow protein channels between plant cells

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35
Q

Lysosomes

A

Break down polypeptides into amino acids

Digest material in the cell

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36
Q

Evolution of fish (earliest -> latest)

A

Jawless fish - cartilaginous fish - lobe finned fish

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37
Q

Pistil

A

Ovary, style, stamen (female reproductive)

38
Q

Stamen

A

Pollen, anther, filament (male reproductive)

39
Q

Lacteals

A

Absorb fat in villi of small intestine

40
Q

Bile

A

Emulsify fats in small intestine

41
Q

Diastole phase is associated with…

A

Closing of semilunar valves

42
Q

Cholecystokinin is released due to presence of…

A

Fats

43
Q

Placenta = …

A

Chorion and endometrium

Used for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste

44
Q

Ligand

A

Reanneals DNA strands

45
Q

Helicase

A

Unzips DNA at replication fork

46
Q

Primase

A

RNA primers that duplicate lagging strand for extension of DNA

creates Okazaki fragments

47
Q

Hardy Weinberg requirements

A

“Large Random MNM”

Large pop
Random mating
No migration
No natural selection
No mutation
48
Q

Freshwater fish

A

Live in hypoosmotic environment
Intakes lots of water
Seldomly drinks
Dilute urine

49
Q

Saltwater fish

A

Hyperosmotic environment
Constant drinking
Excrete salt across gills

50
Q

Microfilaments are made of

A

Actin

51
Q

Purpose of AV node

A

Prevents atria and ventricles from contracting at the same time

52
Q

Blood pressure is lowest in the…

A

Veins

53
Q

A promoter region contains…

A

High conserved sequence called the TATA box

54
Q

What is the cortical reaction

A

Slow block of polyspermy after sperm fuses with egg

55
Q

Mendels law of segregation

A

A pair of alleles will separate to individual gametes

56
Q

Acetylation

A

Increased expression of gene

57
Q

Methylation

A

Decreases expression of gene

58
Q

Acrosome

A

Enzyme that facilitates penetration of sperm into egg (animal cell)

59
Q

Cortical reaction

A

Hardens the plasma membrane to prevent further sperm penetration (slow block I believe)

60
Q

Epididymis

A

Final maturation and storage for sperm

61
Q

Alpha cells

A

Secrete glucagon; which target the liver to release glucose from glycogen

62
Q

Beta cells

A

Secrete insulin; released when blood glucose is high and uptakes and converts glucose to glycogen stored in liver

63
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

64
Q

Rotifera

A

Rotifers

65
Q

Cnidaria

A

Hydrozoans, jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals

66
Q

Annelida

A

Segmented worms (leeches, earthworms, polychaete worms)

67
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms (planarians and tapeworms)

68
Q

Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are…

A

Antigen receptors attached to B cells

69
Q

B cells…

A

Lymphocytes that Mature and originate in bone marrow

70
Q

T cells…

A

Lymphocytes that originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus

71
Q

In muscle movement, which muscle group produces most of the force required to move?

A

Agonist

72
Q

Muscle group that prevents excessive movement and injury

A

Antagonist

73
Q

Altruism

A

Non selfish behavior in animals

74
Q

Calvin cycle takes place in the…

A

Stroma

75
Q

Which organelle carries out lipid synthesis?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

76
Q

Homologous chromosomes are also called…

A

Autosomes

77
Q

What is it called when cells divide roughly 70 times before they die?

A

Senescence

78
Q

Progenitor cells are…

A

Unipotent…give rise to a single type of body cell

79
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A
  • No nucleus

- Single chromosome of short, circular DNA

80
Q

Topoisomerase…

A

Enzyme that untangles and prevent tangling when helicase unwinds DNA

81
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine is produced mainly by…

A

Adrenal medulla

82
Q

Adrenal cortex produces…

A

Corticosteroids = glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

83
Q

Ligaments…

A

Connect bone to bone

84
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

85
Q

Test cross

A

Homozygous dominant x homozygous recessive

86
Q

Which hormone is responsible for fruit ripening?

A

Ethylene

87
Q

Analogous structures

A

Structures perform same function but different ancestral origin

88
Q

Homologous structures

A

Similar structures that may or may not perform same function, but come from a common ancestor

89
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Conditioning of an involuntary behavior

Physiologically neutral stimulus is conditioned to elicit a natural reflex

90
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Animal associated it’s behavior with reward or punishment

91
Q

Fungus suffix

A

Mycota or mycete

Also lichen!

DAT 2017 (4 decks)

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