Biology Flashcards
What are the distinguishing features of monocots?
Leave venation is parallel, oblong or linear leaves, flowers have parts in three, only one cotyledon in embryonic seed, one pore in the pollen.
What are the distinguishing features of dicots?
Reticulate leaf venation, flowers have parts of four or five, two cotyledons in the embryonic seed, three pores in the pollen,
What is a cotyledon?
The primary leaf of a flowering plant that develops in the embryonic stages of development.
What are some examples of monocots?
Orchids, true grasses, rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, bamboo, bananas, onions, and most flowers found in stores.
What are some examples of dicots?
Tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, apples, peaches, carrots, etc. They are NOT a monophyletic group and so there are a lot of different plants.
What are gymnosperms?
“Naked seed” plants including conifers, cycads and ginkgos. Their seeds are not enclosed in an ovary for protection.
When did gymnosperms originate?
Late Carboniferous period.
What are parenchyma?
Cells in plants that are the least specialized, with thin cell walls and large central vacuole. They carry on most metabolic functions.
What are collenchyma?
Cells in plants with thicker cell walls that serve as support.
What are sclerenchyma?
Dead at maturity, these plant cells cannot increase in length and occur where the plant has stopped growing, such as in pits.
What is a meristem?
Areas of rapidly dividing, undifferentiated cells in plants. These will exist for the life of the plant.
What is an apical meristem?
An area of rapidly dividing, undifferentiated cells at the tip of roots and shoots for primary growth.
What is a lateral meristem?
A meristem is located on the periphery of the plant, usually for growth in girth (secondary growth).
