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Exam midterm > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

units largest to smallest

A

Giga, mega, kilo, hecta, deka, deci, centi, milli, micro, nano

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2
Q

the root bio means…

A

life

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3
Q

scientific method

A

observations, ask a question, hypothesis, methods and materials, data and analysis, conclusion

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4
Q

8 characteristics of life…

A
  • reproduction
  • DNA
  • energy
  • homeostasis
  • stimuli
  • growth and development
  • evolve
  • cells
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5
Q

What type of reproduction is Binary fission?

A

asexual

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6
Q

AN organism that eats both meat and vegetables is called…

A

omnivore

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7
Q

Is an omnivore heterotroph or autotroph?

A

heterotroph

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8
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintaining of internal balance inside an organism

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9
Q

`What is a meter stick used to measure?

A

distance/length

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10
Q

How many milligrams are in 56kg?

A

5.6x10^7

56kg/1 (10^6mg/1kg)=5.6x10^7mg

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11
Q

If a car is moving 35mph, how fast would it be at meters per minute

A

933.333 m/min

35mi/1hr (1.6 km/1mi) (1000 m/1 km) (1hr/ 60min) =933.3 m/miin

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12
Q

What does the atomic number tell?

A

number of protons

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13
Q

If the atom is neutral, what does the atomic number also tell?

A

number of electrons

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14
Q

What is the mass number a sum of?

A

protons and neutrons

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15
Q

nickel is #28… How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does it have?

A
  • Pro: 28
  • Elec: 28
  • Neu:31
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16
Q

If Ni bonded with O, what charge would it have?

A

+ because it is the metal

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17
Q

If an element is in period 3 family 6… how many orbitals and how many valence electrons?

A
  • orb: 3

- val: 6

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18
Q

What type of bond does H2O have?

A

covalent

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19
Q

In a chemical equation___ are on the left side and ___ are on the right side.

A

reactants; products

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20
Q

Balancing a chemical equation helps support what law?

A

Law of conservation of matter

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21
Q

What is the energy range of Acid on the pH scale?

A

1-6.999999999999

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22
Q

What is the energy range of Base on the pH scale?

A

8-14

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23
Q

What si the base ion?

A

OH- Hydroxide

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24
Q

If a base increases from pH 11 to pH 13, how has its hydronium concentration change?

A

down 10^-2

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25
Q

At a pH of 5… what is its hydronium? what is its hydroxide?

A
  • hydronium 10^-5

- hydroxide 10^-9

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26
Q

What is oxidized?

A
  • gain
  • metal
  • positive
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27
Q

What is reduced?

A
  • lose
  • nonmetal
  • negative
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28
Q

If Li3P… what si being reduced and what is being oxidized?

A
  • reduced: P

- oxidized: Li3

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29
Q

Water’s uneven distribution of electrons causes it to be what?

30
Q

which end of water is slightly negative?

31
Q

What is glucose?

A

a monosaccharide

32
Q

What is the freezing point of water?

A

0 degrees Celsius

33
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

100 degrees Celsius

34
Q

What makes a molecule organic?

35
Q

What functional group is specifically in amino acids?

36
Q

What functional groups are found in carbohydrates?

A

hydroxyl, ketone, and aldehyde

37
Q

What elements are found in carbs?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

38
Q

What elements are found in Proteins?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

39
Q

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

A

Carbons, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate

40
Q

Why are lipids insoluble to water?

A

hydrophobic fatty acid tail

41
Q

What polysaccharide is abundant in plant cell walls?

42
Q

If a carbohydrate has 7 carbons, what would its chemical formula be?

A

C7, H14, O7

43
Q

What two building blocks back a lipid?

A
  • fatty acid

- glycerol

44
Q

At room temperature…What state of matter is a saturated fatty acid in?

45
Q

What macromolecule are steroids?

46
Q

How are steroids naturally occurring in the body?

A

testosterone

47
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

48
Q

When linking 2 monomers, what type of reaction occurs?

A

dehydration

49
Q

What type of molecule is released as a product of dehydration?

A

hydrolysis

50
Q

What type of macromolecules are enzymes?

51
Q

How do nucleotides for DNA comprare to nucleotides for RNA?

A

Deoxyribose ribose

52
Q

What 3 molecules compose a nucleotide?

A
  • phosphate
  • carbon sugars
  • nitrogenous base
53
Q

Out of 3 different molecules in a nucleotide…. Which molecule has variations?

54
Q

What are 3 common parts of all cells?

A
  • DNA
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
55
Q

Who was the first person to observe a cell?

A

Robert Hooke

56
Q

Matrix : Mitochondria :: ____ : chloroplast

57
Q

How is a ribosome different from other organelles?

A
  • no membrane

- made of RNA

58
Q

What si the difference between ATP and ADP?

A

ATP is energy while ADP is used energy

59
Q

Turgor pressure is related to ….

A

central vacuole

60
Q

Where are ribosomes located?

A
  • RER
  • Cytoplasm
  • nucleolus
61
Q

What organelle contains hydraulic enzymes?

62
Q

How do microtubules differ between flagella and centrioles?

A

Flagella 9+2

Centrioles 9+3

63
Q

The molecules of ____ in the ____ are used to identify the type of cell within the organism

A

-glycolipids and glycoproteins; cell membrane

64
Q

Which organelle preforms 2H2O2 -> 2H2 and O2

A

peroxisomes

65
Q

What charge difference is created in the Na-K pump?

A

inside -

Outside +

66
Q

If the extracellular matrix has twice the solute concentration as a cell, how would this solute be described?

A

hypertonic

67
Q

If a cell has a smaller water concentration than its extracellular matrix, how would the matrix be described?

68
Q

How is osmosis different than diffusion?

A

osmosis moves water

diffusion moves anything small

69
Q

How does the cell wall of a plant cell differ from the cell wall of a prokaryote?

A

peptidoglycan

70
Q

What molecule helps move molecules against the concentration gradient in active transport?

Exam midterm (5 decks)

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