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Science - Year Nine > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chemical symbol for glucose?

A

Glucose = G6H12O6

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2
Q

What happens during photosynthesis?

A

Glucose is formed in the plant as starch

Carbon dioxide goes into the plant
Water goes into the plant
Light energy goes into the plant

Oxygen goes out of the plant

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3
Q

What is the photosynthesis word equation?

A

Water + Carbon Dioxide -light energy-> oxygen + glucose

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4
Q

What is the photosynthesis symbol equation?

A

H20 + CO2 -light energy-> O2 + C6H12O6

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5
Q

How are the photosynthesis equation and respiration equation related?

A

Photosynthesis equation is the opposite to respiration

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6
Q

What is a reactant?

A

The reactant is what foes into an equation

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7
Q

What is a product?

A

A product is what comes out of an equation

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8
Q

What is the —>

A

—> is the reaction condition

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9
Q

What does the process of photosynthesis do?

A

Photosynthesis traps energy

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10
Q

What does the process of respiration do?

A

Respiration releases energy

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11
Q

What is excess glucose?

A

Excess glucose is starch

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12
Q

If a plant has excess glucose in it what does this mean?

A

This tells us the plant grew in good conditions because it underwent a lot of photosynthesis

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13
Q

What are the guard cells and what do they do?

A

Guard cells can fill full of water to close the stoma, or they can pump the water out of themselves to open it. This is important because when they open CO2 comes in

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14
Q

What is the air space and what does it do?

A

The air space is where CO2 is stored. The air gaps are in the spongey layer.

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15
Q

What is the spongey layer and what does it do?

A

The spongey layer is made of mesophyll cells. The air gaps are in the spongey layer.

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16
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is how plants make their food

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17
Q

What is the other name for the ‘waxy layer’?

A

Upper epidermis

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18
Q

What does the upper epidermis do?

A

The upper epidermis {waxy layer} prevents water evaporating out of the lead. This is important because without the water photosynthesis can’t take place.

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19
Q

What is the xylem network?

A

The xylem network runs through the leaf. It runs down to the roots, letting the water come up to other areas of the plant.

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20
Q

What is phloem?

A

Phloem carries the nutrients and glucose (sap) around the leaf

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21
Q

What six main things do plants need to survive?

A 
Water
Sunlight
Energy
Nutrients
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
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22
Q

What three things to seeds need to germinate?

A

Oxygen - Allows for respiration so that the plant can make energy

Water - Allows particles to dissolve, making it breakdown easier

Warmth - Allows chemical reactions to happen faster as it provides particles with more energy

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23
Q

What is germination?

A

Germination means producing a root and a shoot.

24
Q

How does a seed use energy to germinate?

A

The seed needs energy to germinate. A seed has sugar stored inside it as starch. Sugar gives it energy. Of the conditions are right it will use the starch to germinate. Glucose is stored as starch in a seed.

25
Q

Why do we not call germination growing?

A

We do not call germination growing because the seed doesn’t change in size.

26
Q

What do we see when a seed is germinating?

A

We can see germination when the seed begins to produce a root and sometimes a shoot.

27
Q

Why do plants disperse seeds?

A

Plants spread seeds around so that they have space to grow, and so some seeds can also grow in places where they can get better resources they need to survive

28
Q

What is seed dispersal?

A

Seed dispersal is when seeds are transported from the plant to another area in order to compete and survive.

29
Q

What must a plant compete for?

A

A plant must compete for water, good soil with lots of nutrients in it, a spot with good sunlight so it can undergo lots of photosynthesis and space, because if there are a lot of plants in one area then they will all be fighting for resources they need to survive.

30
Q

Name three ways seeds can spread.

A 
Animal fur
Things ingesting them
Wind
Gravity
Water
Buried by animals
31
Q

What is animal burial and name one type of plant that uses this method of seed dispersal?

A

Animals run with the seeds and then bury them to eat later

Acorns

32
Q

What is soft fruits and name one type of plant that uses this method of seed dispersal?

A

The fruit is eaten by the animal, and then when it’s excreted the seeds start germinating.

Blackberries
Raspberries

33
Q

What is hooked fruit and name one type of plant that uses this method of seed dispersal?

A

The seed catches onto the animals fur and the animal carried it

Burdock
Berries

34
Q

What is gravity and name one type of plant that uses this method of seed dispersal?

A

Seeds are scattered when they fall from the ground off of their parent plants

Coconuts
Apples
Calabash

35
Q

What is wind {parachutes and spinners} and name one type of plant that uses this method of seed dispersal.

A

They catch the wind when they fall and so can travel long distances

Spinners
Parachutes

36
Q

What is wind {pepper pot} and name one type of plant that uses this method of seed dispersal?

A

They open up and split at the side, making the seeds disperse everywhere

Poppy

37
Q

What is plantlets and name one type of plant that uses this method of seed dispersal?

A

They clone themselves and grow a mini plant. They then drop it and it forms a root

Spider plant

38
Q

What is force? {seed dispersal}

A

There are some plants that explode when something hits them, scattering the seeds everywhere

39
Q

What is water? {speed dispersal}

A

The seeds or fruit fall into the river, and the river then carries them along

40
Q

Is the egg in a plant male or female?

A

Female

41
Q

Is the pollen in a plant male or female?

A

Male

42
Q

When is a seed successfully germinated?

A

A seed is successfully germinated if it is showing roots and shoots

43
Q

What is biomass?

A

Biomass is any mass that comes from a living things eg) wool, sung

44
Q

What is mass?

A

Anything made out of matter

45
Q

What is biomass made up of?

A

Biomass is made up of living particles and atoms

46
Q

Why are renewable fuels biomass?

A

Renewable fuels are biomass because they come from living things

47
Q

Explain what cellulose is and how it is formed

A

Plants store glucose as starch {C6H12O6}
The plants keep starch stored, or they take two starch chains and cross link them
This forms rope like structures {cellulose}
The more structured chains the more the biomass of the plant
This makes the plant taller, heavier, bigger
If you have more photosynthesis the more starch so the more cellulose can be formed
It is impossible for human beings to break down cellulose

48
Q

What are the four main nutrients plants need?

A

Nitrogen {N}
Phosphorous {P}
Magnesium {Mg}
Potassium {K}

49
Q

Where do plants get their minerals from

A

Plants get their minerals from soils

50
Q

How can we give plants more minerals?

A

To give plants more minerals we can add fertiliser or compost

51
Q

Where is chlorophyll found and what does it do?

A

Chlorophyll is found in the chloroplasts of plants, it is used in photosynthesis

52
Q

How do minerals get into the soil?

A

Minerals get into the soil through rotting matter

53
Q

What is Nitrogen needed for inside the plant?

A

Nitrogen is needed to make proteins and structures within the plant {biomass}, without it growth is stunted

54
Q

What is prosperous needed for inside a plant?

A

It is important in photosynthesis and helping the plant respire. Without whole plant just slows down.

55
Q

What is potassium needed for inside a plant?

A

Makes the enzymes in the plant work, like chlorophyll. Without it the plant can turn yellow.

Science - Year Nine (6 decks)

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