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Christian 7th Grade > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in an organisms enviroment that affects the activity of the organism

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

The Maintenance of a stable internal enviroment

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3
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Requires two parents to produce an offspring

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4
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

A single parent produces an offspring that is identical to the parent

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5
Q

DNA

Deoxyribonucleis acid

A

Makes proteins also when reproduction occurs they pass on copies of their DNA

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6
Q

heredity

A

The transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

The total of all chemical activities that the body performs

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8
Q

The six characteristics of life

A

1: have one or more cells
2: sense and respond to change
3: reproduction,sexually or asexually
4: have genetic material and DNA
5: use energy
6: grow and develop

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9
Q

Necessities of life

A

Air:O2 required for metabolism also CO2 required for photosynthesis
Water:most cells made of 78% H2O
A place to live:one place that contains all the needs
Food:provides energy and materials for building cells and body parts

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10
Q

Cell

A

A membrane covered structure that has all the nesceties for life

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11
Q

what are amino acids made up of

A

C,H,O,N,P,S

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12
Q

what are proteins made of

A

amino acids

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13
Q

name the four functions of a protein

A

structure
transportation
speed up chemical reactions
send chemical messages

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14
Q

hair nails spiderwebs and feathers are they examples of this function of a protein

A

structure

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15
Q

define hemoglobin as a function of a protein

A

hemoglobin is a transportation system of a protein

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16
Q

how does hemoglobin act as transportation in the function of a protein

A

The protein hemoglobin in red blood cells attaches to accidents of the oxygen to be delivered throughout the body

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17
Q

what speeds up chemical reactions

A

enzymes

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18
Q

these make many different chemical reactions in a cell occur quickly

A

special proteins called enzymes

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19
Q

define hormones

A

send chemical messages within a protein

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20
Q

molecules found in living things are made of different combinations of the six elements

A 
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
Phosphorous
sulfur
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21
Q

chomps or the molecules found in living things combined to form these macro molucules

A 
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids 
and ATP
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22
Q

ccarbohydrates

A

are a group of compounds made of sugars

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23
Q

what do glucose and fructose form?

A

they form sucrose which is table sugar

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24
Q

what is a simple carbohydrate

A

they only have one or two layers of molecules

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25
Q

what are complex carbohydrates

A

they have more than two rings of molecules

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26
Q

A membrane covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life

A

A cell

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27
Q

true or false? in a multi organism with many cells, cells perform specialized functions?

A

true. For example your nerve cells are specialized to transport signals and your muscle cells are specialized for movement

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28
Q

true or false? All organisms have the ability to send change in their environment and to respond to that change?

A

true. for example when your pupils are exposed to light they respond by becoming smaller

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29
Q

A change in organisms environment that affects the activity of the organism is called

A

A stimulus

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30
Q

give an example of stimuli

A

chemicals, gravity, darkness, light, sounds, taste, or anything that causes organisms to respond in someway

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31
Q

The maintenance of a stable internal environment is called

A

homeostasis

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32
Q

true or false? Most animals and plants reproduce through sexual reproduction?

A

true

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33
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA

A

contained in the cells of all living things DNA is a special molecule that provides instructions for making molecules called proteins.

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34
Q

tell me two things that proteins do for living things

A
  1. Proteins take part in almost all of the activities of an organisms cells.
  2. Proteins also determine many of an organisms.
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35
Q

when organisms reproduce they pass on copies to their offspring of their

A

DNA

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36
Q

heredity

A

The transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next. Offspring such as children resemble their parents because of heredity

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37
Q

Energy is necessary to carry out the activities of life. These activities include

A

making food
breaking down food
moving materials into and out of cells,
and building cells.

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38
Q

true or false? Energy used to carry out the activities of life such as making food breaking down food moving materials into and out of cells and building sales is a chemical activity

A

true

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39
Q

true or false? Energy used to carry out activities of life are chemical activity?

A

true

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40
Q

metabolism

A

The total of all the chemical activities that an organism performs. These are activities such as making food breaking down food movie materials into and out of cells and building cells.

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41
Q

true or false? The hydra can reproduce a sexually by forming buds that will break off and grow into new individuals?

A

true

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42
Q

true or false? All living things whether they are made of One cell or many cells grow during periods of their lives?

A

true

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43
Q

how do single celled organisms grow?

A

The cell gets larger

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44
Q

how do organisms made of many cells grow

A

they grow mainly by increasing their number of cells

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45
Q

living things grow and they develop and change as they grow. Give an example of a living organism that grows and changes

A

overtime acorns develop into Oak seedlings which become oak trees.

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46
Q

what does the for coat of a bear have to do with homeostasis?

A

The Fur of a bear maintain a stable internal environment by keeping the bear warm

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47
Q

how is reproduction related to heredity?

A

when living things reproduce they pass on their cells called DNA. the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next is called heredity. these characteristics are passed along through the DNA.

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48
Q

all living things need food what does food provide to an organism?

A

food provides organisms with the energy and Raw materials needed to carry on life processes to build and repair cells and body parts

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49
Q

not all organisms get food in the same way. name the three categories of organisms based on how they get their food

A

producers
consumers
decomposers

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50
Q

organisms called producers get their food how

A

they produce their own food. Plants use energy from the sun to make food from water and carbon dioxide.

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51
Q

how do organisms, called consumers get their food?

A

consumers must eat other organisms to get food. The salamander gets food by eating insects and other organisms

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52
Q

how do you get organisms ?called decomposers get their food

A

decomposers get their food by breaking down the nutrients and dead organisms and animal wastes.

The fungus is a decomposer

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53
Q

true or false? Even the cells of the cactus and a camel are approximately 70% water?

A

true all living organisms are practically 70% water

54
Q

what are the four things a living organism needs in order to survive?

A

food, water, air, a place to live.

55
Q

Air is a mixture of several different gases name two

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide

56
Q

where do organisms that live on land get oxygen

A

from the air

57
Q

in the chemical process that releases energy from food living organisms use

A

oxygen

58
Q

true or false? Green plants, algae and some bacteria need carbon dioxide gas in addition to oxygen?

A

true. These organisms produce food from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis

59
Q

photosynthesis

A

The process that some living organisms use to convert energy in sunlight to energy stored in food

60
Q

all organisms must have somewhere to live the contains all of the things they need to

A

survive

61
Q

why are most sell 70% water?

A

because most of the chemical reactions involved in metabolism require water

62
Q

all living things are made of cells but what are sales made up?

A

cells are made up of building blocks called atoms.

63
Q

Everything whether it is living or not it’s made up of atoms?

A

yes. There are about 100 different kinds of atoms

64
Q

A substance made up of one type of atom

A

an element

65
Q

when two or more atoms join together they form

A

molecule

66
Q

molecules are made of different combinations of these six elements

A

carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen phosphorus sulfur

67
Q

almost all of the life processes of a cell involve

A

proteins. They are the most abundant materials in Cells

68
Q

macro molecules that are made up of subunits called amino acids are

A

proteins

69
Q

proteins

A

large molecules that are made up of subunits called amino acids. Almost all of the life processes of the cell involve proteins.
Proteins are the most abundant materials in Cells

70
Q

organisms break down the proteins in food to supply their cells with

A

energy

71
Q

true or false? Some proteins are made up of only a few amino acids?

A

true

72
Q

true or false? Some proteins contain more than 10,000 amino acids?

A

false only 20 amino acids

73
Q

T or F? Organisms use amino acids from food to link them together to form new proteins

A

true

74
Q

List the many functions of proteins

A

some form structures that are easy to see ( for example feather spiderwebs and hair)

proteins work at the cellular level (for example the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells attaches to oxygen to deliver it throughout the body)

some proteins help protect cells from foreign materials

special protein called enzymes make many different chemical reactions

75
Q

T or F? Some proteins help protect cells from foreign materials?

A

true

76
Q

enzymes

A

enzymes are a function of a protein that make many different chemical reactions in a cell occur quickly

77
Q

carbohydrates

A

A group of compounds made of sugars

78
Q

A source of energy and used for energy storage

A

carbohydrates

79
Q

T or F? When an organism needs energy it sells break down carbohydrates to release the energy stored in the carbohydrates

A

true

80
Q

name the two types of carbohydrates

A

simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates

81
Q

made of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together

A

simple carbohydrates. Table sugar, sugar in fruits

82
Q

complex carbohydrates

A

when an organism has more sugar than it needs it’s extra sugar is stored in this form.

Made of hundreds of sugar molecules linked together.

83
Q

table sugar in the sugar in fruits is an example of

A

simple carbohydrate

84
Q

some of these are stored in your liver and made by your body

A

complex carbohydrates

85
Q

starch

A

A complex carbohydrate made by plants

for example a potato plant

86
Q

T or F? When you eat mashed potatoes or french fries you are eating a potato plant’s stored starch?

A

true

87
Q

when Iodine comes into contact with starch, the iodine turns this color

A

Black

88
Q

how many million molecules of hemoglobin does each red blood cell carry?

A

250 million

89
Q

lipids

A

compound that cannot mix with water.
Many important functions in the cell.
Stored for energy.
Form membranes of cell

90
Q

fats and oils

A

lipids that store energy.
Their structure is almost identical.
At room temperature fats are solid and oils are liquid

91
Q

most of the lipid stored implants are

A

oils

92
Q

most of the lipids stored in animals are

A

fats

93
Q

Phospholipids

A

The molecules that for much of the cell membrane.

94
Q

all cells are surrounded by a structure called

A

A cell membrane

95
Q

T or F? When phospholipid molecules come together in water they form two layers?

A

true

96
Q

is the head or the tale of a phospholipid molecule attracted to water?

A

The head

97
Q

The contents of a cell are surrounded by a membrane of

A

phospholipid molecules

98
Q

nucleic acids

A

compound made up of subunits called nucleotides

99
Q

called the blueprints of life

A

nucleic acid because they contain all the information needed for this out to make all of its proteins

100
Q

an example of a nucleic acid

A

DNA

101
Q

A recipe book titled how to make proteins

A

DNA

102
Q

when a cell needs to make a certain proteins you get information from

A

DNA

103
Q

amino acids are hooked together to make specific proteins based on the information from a cells

A

DNA

104
Q

ATP Molecule

A

(Adenosine triphosphate) The major fuel used for all fell activities that require energy

105
Q

before cells can use the energy from ATP molecules they must be transferred from

A

Energy in the carbohydrates and lipids in food

106
Q

T or F? The energy from carbohydrates and lipids must be transferred to ATP before the stored energy can be used by cells to fuel their life processes?

A

true

107
Q

what are the subunits of proteins

A

amino acids

108
Q

what are the subunits of starch?

A

A complex carbohydrate

109
Q

what are the subunits of DNA?

A

nucleotides

110
Q

is DNA and nucleic acid?

A

yes

111
Q

what do you carbohydrates fats and oils have in common

A

they are all sources of energy for cells

112
Q

are all proteins enzymes?

A

there are many different types of proteins.
some special proteins are called enzymes.
Enzymes make many different chemical reactions in a cell occur quickly

113
Q

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment is known as

A

homeostasis

114
Q

The resemblance of offspring to the parents as a result of

A

heredity

115
Q

this type of organism obtains food by eating other organisms

A

consumer

116
Q

starch is a example of

A

A complex carbohydrate

117
Q

what are carbohydrates made of

A

sugars

118
Q

fat and oil that store energy for an organism are

A

lipids

119
Q

there are two types of nucleic acid

A

DNA and RNA

120
Q

cytosine guanine adenine thymine

A

DNA bases

121
Q

what is the common ansector

A

archea

122
Q

what is the deffintion of archea

A

anceint prokaryotes

123
Q

what is the deffintion bacteria

A

true bacteria (prokaryotes)

124
Q

what is the deffintion of eukarya

A

eukaryotes( everything else)

125
Q

what are the classifications for domain archaea

A
  • kingdom archaea bacteria
  • methane makers
  • extremeohiles
126
Q

what are the classifications for domain bacteria

A
  • kingdom eubacteria

- true bacteria

127
Q

what are the classifications for domain eukarya fungi

A
  • consumers w/ cell walls of chitin
  • digest food external to body then absorbs nutrients
  • mold, mushrooms, yeast, lichen, etc.
128
Q

what are the classifications for domain eukarya protista

A
  • most but not all sindle celled
  • any eukaryote that is not plant, animal, or fungi
  • amoebas, algae, slime molds, etc.
129
Q

what are the classifications for domain eukarya animalia

A
  • multicellur consumers w/o cell wall

- mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, worms, snails, etc.

130
Q

what are the classifications for domain eukarya plante

A

multicellular producers with cell wall of cellulose

-ferns, mosses, conifers, flowering plants, etc.

Christian 7th Grade (8 decks)

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