Biology Flashcards
1
Q
Stimulus
A
A change in an organisms enviroment that affects the activity of the organism
2
Q
Homeostasis
A
The Maintenance of a stable internal enviroment
3
Q
Sexual reproduction
A
Requires two parents to produce an offspring
4
Q
Asexual reproduction
A
A single parent produces an offspring that is identical to the parent
5
Q
DNA
Deoxyribonucleis acid
A
Makes proteins also when reproduction occurs they pass on copies of their DNA
6
Q
heredity
A
The transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next
7
Q
Metabolism
A
The total of all chemical activities that the body performs
8
Q
The six characteristics of life
A
1: have one or more cells
2: sense and respond to change
3: reproduction,sexually or asexually
4: have genetic material and DNA
5: use energy
6: grow and develop
9
Q
Necessities of life
A
Air:O2 required for metabolism also CO2 required for photosynthesis
Water:most cells made of 78% H2O
A place to live:one place that contains all the needs
Food:provides energy and materials for building cells and body parts
10
Q
Cell
A
A membrane covered structure that has all the nesceties for life
11
Q
what are amino acids made up of
A
C,H,O,N,P,S
12
Q
what are proteins made of
A
amino acids
13
Q
name the four functions of a protein
A
structure
transportation
speed up chemical reactions
send chemical messages
14
Q
hair nails spiderwebs and feathers are they examples of this function of a protein
A
structure
15
Q
define hemoglobin as a function of a protein
A
hemoglobin is a transportation system of a protein
16
Q
how does hemoglobin act as transportation in the function of a protein
A
The protein hemoglobin in red blood cells attaches to accidents of the oxygen to be delivered throughout the body
17
Q
what speeds up chemical reactions
A
enzymes
18
Q
these make many different chemical reactions in a cell occur quickly
A
special proteins called enzymes
19
Q
define hormones
A
send chemical messages within a protein
20
Q
molecules found in living things are made of different combinations of the six elements
A
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen Phosphorous sulfur
21
Q
chomps or the molecules found in living things combined to form these macro molucules
A
proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and ATP
22
Q
ccarbohydrates
A
are a group of compounds made of sugars
23
Q
what do glucose and fructose form?
A
they form sucrose which is table sugar
24
Q
what is a simple carbohydrate
A
they only have one or two layers of molecules
25
what are complex carbohydrates
they have more than two rings of molecules
26
A membrane covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life
A cell
27
true or false? in a multi organism with many cells, cells perform specialized functions?
true. For example your nerve cells are specialized to transport signals and your muscle cells are specialized for movement
28
true or false? All organisms have the ability to send change in their environment and to respond to that change?
true. for example when your pupils are exposed to light they respond by becoming smaller
29
A change in organisms environment that affects the activity of the organism is called
A stimulus
30
give an example of stimuli
chemicals, gravity, darkness, light, sounds, taste, or anything that causes organisms to respond in someway
31
The maintenance of a stable internal environment is called
homeostasis
32
true or false? Most animals and plants reproduce through sexual reproduction?
true
33
deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA
contained in the cells of all living things DNA is a special molecule that provides instructions for making molecules called proteins.
34
tell me two things that proteins do for living things
1. Proteins take part in almost all of the activities of an organisms cells.
2. Proteins also determine many of an organisms.
35
when organisms reproduce they pass on copies to their offspring of their
DNA
36
heredity
The transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next. Offspring such as children resemble their parents because of heredity
37
Energy is necessary to carry out the activities of life. These activities include
making food
breaking down food
moving materials into and out of cells,
and building cells.
38
true or false? Energy used to carry out the activities of life such as making food breaking down food moving materials into and out of cells and building sales is a chemical activity
true
39
true or false? Energy used to carry out activities of life are chemical activity?
true
40
metabolism
The total of all the chemical activities that an organism performs. These are activities such as making food breaking down food movie materials into and out of cells and building cells.
41
true or false? The hydra can reproduce a sexually by forming buds that will break off and grow into new individuals?
true
42
true or false? All living things whether they are made of One cell or many cells grow during periods of their lives?
true
43
how do single celled organisms grow?
The cell gets larger
44
how do organisms made of many cells grow
they grow mainly by increasing their number of cells
45
living things grow and they develop and change as they grow. Give an example of a living organism that grows and changes
overtime acorns develop into Oak seedlings which become oak trees.
46
what does the for coat of a bear have to do with homeostasis?
The Fur of a bear maintain a stable internal environment by keeping the bear warm
47
how is reproduction related to heredity?
when living things reproduce they pass on their cells called DNA. the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next is called heredity. these characteristics are passed along through the DNA.
48
all living things need food what does food provide to an organism?
food provides organisms with the energy and Raw materials needed to carry on life processes to build and repair cells and body parts
49
not all organisms get food in the same way. name the three categories of organisms based on how they get their food
producers
consumers
decomposers
50
organisms called producers get their food how
they produce their own food. Plants use energy from the sun to make food from water and carbon dioxide.
51
how do organisms, called consumers get their food?
consumers must eat other organisms to get food. The salamander gets food by eating insects and other organisms
52
how do you get organisms ?called decomposers get their food
decomposers get their food by breaking down the nutrients and dead organisms and animal wastes.
The fungus is a decomposer
53
true or false? Even the cells of the cactus and a camel are approximately 70% water?
true all living organisms are practically 70% water
54
what are the four things a living organism needs in order to survive?
food, water, air, a place to live.
55
Air is a mixture of several different gases name two
oxygen and carbon dioxide
56
where do organisms that live on land get oxygen
from the air
57
in the chemical process that releases energy from food living organisms use
oxygen
58
true or false? Green plants, algae and some bacteria need carbon dioxide gas in addition to oxygen?
true. These organisms produce food from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis
59
photosynthesis
The process that some living organisms use to convert energy in sunlight to energy stored in food
60
all organisms must have somewhere to live the contains all of the things they need to
survive
61
why are most sell 70% water?
because most of the chemical reactions involved in metabolism require water
62
all living things are made of cells but what are sales made up?
cells are made up of building blocks called atoms.
63
Everything whether it is living or not it's made up of atoms?
yes. There are about 100 different kinds of atoms
64
A substance made up of one type of atom
an element
65
when two or more atoms join together they form
molecule
66
molecules are made of different combinations of these six elements
carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen phosphorus sulfur
67
almost all of the life processes of a cell involve
proteins. They are the most abundant materials in Cells
68
macro molecules that are made up of subunits called amino acids are
proteins
69
proteins
large molecules that are made up of subunits called amino acids. Almost all of the life processes of the cell involve proteins.
Proteins are the most abundant materials in Cells
70
organisms break down the proteins in food to supply their cells with
energy
71
true or false? Some proteins are made up of only a few amino acids?
true
72
true or false? Some proteins contain more than 10,000 amino acids?
false only 20 amino acids
73
T or F? Organisms use amino acids from food to link them together to form new proteins
true
74
List the many functions of proteins
some form structures that are easy to see ( for example feather spiderwebs and hair)
proteins work at the cellular level (for example the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells attaches to oxygen to deliver it throughout the body)
some proteins help protect cells from foreign materials
special protein called enzymes make many different chemical reactions
75
T or F? Some proteins help protect cells from foreign materials?
true
76
enzymes
enzymes are a function of a protein that make many different chemical reactions in a cell occur quickly
77
carbohydrates
A group of compounds made of sugars
78
A source of energy and used for energy storage
carbohydrates
79
T or F? When an organism needs energy it sells break down carbohydrates to release the energy stored in the carbohydrates
true
80
name the two types of carbohydrates
simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates
81
made of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together
simple carbohydrates. Table sugar, sugar in fruits
82
complex carbohydrates
when an organism has more sugar than it needs it's extra sugar is stored in this form.
Made of hundreds of sugar molecules linked together.
83
table sugar in the sugar in fruits is an example of
simple carbohydrate
84
some of these are stored in your liver and made by your body
complex carbohydrates
85
starch
A complex carbohydrate made by plants
for example a potato plant
86
T or F? When you eat mashed potatoes or french fries you are eating a potato plant's stored starch?
true
87
when Iodine comes into contact with starch, the iodine turns this color
Black
88
how many million molecules of hemoglobin does each red blood cell carry?
250 million
89
lipids
compound that cannot mix with water.
Many important functions in the cell.
Stored for energy.
Form membranes of cell
90
fats and oils
lipids that store energy.
Their structure is almost identical.
At room temperature fats are solid and oils are liquid
91
most of the lipid stored implants are
oils
92
most of the lipids stored in animals are
fats
93
Phospholipids
The molecules that for much of the cell membrane.
94
all cells are surrounded by a structure called
A cell membrane
95
T or F? When phospholipid molecules come together in water they form two layers?
true
96
is the head or the tale of a phospholipid molecule attracted to water?
The head
97
The contents of a cell are surrounded by a membrane of
phospholipid molecules
98
nucleic acids
compound made up of subunits called nucleotides
99
called the blueprints of life
nucleic acid because they contain all the information needed for this out to make all of its proteins
100
an example of a nucleic acid
DNA
101
A recipe book titled how to make proteins
DNA
102
when a cell needs to make a certain proteins you get information from
DNA
103
amino acids are hooked together to make specific proteins based on the information from a cells
DNA
104
ATP Molecule
(Adenosine triphosphate) The major fuel used for all fell activities that require energy
105
before cells can use the energy from ATP molecules they must be transferred from
Energy in the carbohydrates and lipids in food
106
T or F? The energy from carbohydrates and lipids must be transferred to ATP before the stored energy can be used by cells to fuel their life processes?
true
107
what are the subunits of proteins
amino acids
108
what are the subunits of starch?
A complex carbohydrate
109
what are the subunits of DNA?
nucleotides
110
is DNA and nucleic acid?
yes
111
what do you carbohydrates fats and oils have in common
they are all sources of energy for cells
112
are all proteins enzymes?
there are many different types of proteins.
some special proteins are called enzymes.
Enzymes make many different chemical reactions in a cell occur quickly
113
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment is known as
homeostasis
114
The resemblance of offspring to the parents as a result of
heredity
115
this type of organism obtains food by eating other organisms
consumer
116
starch is a example of
A complex carbohydrate
117
what are carbohydrates made of
sugars
118
fat and oil that store energy for an organism are
lipids
119
there are two types of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
120
cytosine guanine adenine thymine
DNA bases
121
what is the common ansector
archea
122
what is the deffintion of archea
anceint prokaryotes
123
what is the deffintion bacteria
true bacteria (prokaryotes)
124
what is the deffintion of eukarya
eukaryotes( everything else)
125
what are the classifications for domain archaea
- kingdom archaea bacteria
- methane makers
- extremeohiles
126
what are the classifications for domain bacteria
- kingdom eubacteria
| - true bacteria
127
what are the classifications for domain eukarya fungi
- consumers w/ cell walls of chitin
- digest food external to body then absorbs nutrients
- mold, mushrooms, yeast, lichen, etc.
128
what are the classifications for domain eukarya protista
- most but not all sindle celled
- any eukaryote that is not plant, animal, or fungi
- amoebas, algae, slime molds, etc.
129
what are the classifications for domain eukarya animalia
- multicellur consumers w/o cell wall
| - mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, worms, snails, etc.
130
what are the classifications for domain eukarya plante
multicellular producers with cell wall of cellulose
| -ferns, mosses, conifers, flowering plants, etc.
