Biology 3.1.9

Question 1

Where does the Heart Drug Digitalis Originate from?

Answer 1

Foxglove Plants.

Question 2

Where does the Painkiller Aspirin Originate from?

Answer 2

Willow.

Question 3

Who discovered the Penicillin Antibiotic?

Answer 3

Alexander Fleming.

Question 4

The Formation of new Drugs is called…

Answer 4

Synthesisation.

Question 5

What do all new Drugs need to be Tested for? (3)

Answer 5

-Toxicity- Does it have any harmful Side Effects?

-Efficacy- Does the Drug actually Work?

-Dose- What Dosage should be taken?

Question 6

What happens to Results of Drug-Testing to further authenticate them?

Answer 6

Peer-Review.

Question 7

What are the 3 Stages of Drug Development? (3)

Answer 7

-Preclinical Testing.

-Whole Organism Testing.

-Clinical Testing.

Question 8

Explain Preclinical Testing. (3)

Answer 8

-The Drug is Tested on Cells in the lab.

-Computer Models may also be used to Simulate the Metabolic Pathways that may be taken by the Drug.

-Efficacy & Toxicity are Tested at this Stage.

Question 9

Explain Whole Organism Testing: (2)

Answer 9

-The Drug is Tested on Animals to see the Effect in a Whole Organism.

-Efficacy, Toxicity, & Dosage are Tested at this Stage.

Question 10

Explain Clinical Trials: (3)

Answer 10

-Drug is Tested on Human Volunteers.

-Then the Drug is Tested on Patients with the Condition.

-Double-Blind Trials.

Question 11

What happens in a Double-Blind Trial?

Answer 11

In Double-Blind Trials, some Patients are given a Placebo.