Biology Flashcards
1
Q
- Name the components of a typical bacterial cell
- Where does respiration occur in the bacterial cell?
- (T/F) All multicellular organisms are composed of eukaryotic cells
A
- Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, flagella, and DNA
- The cell membrane is the site of respiration in bacteria
- True
2
Q
What is the function of mitochondria?
A
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration and supple most of the cell’s energy
3
Q
- (T/F) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
2. What is a bacteriophage
A
- True
2. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria only
4
Q
Does oxidation result in the loss or gain of electrons?
A
Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons
Use the mnemonic OIL RIG
Oxidation Is Loss
Reduction Is Gain
5
Q
- How many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell?
- How many chromosomes are in a human haploid cell?
- What are the four types of asexual reproduction?
- What is parthenogenesis?
A
- A human diploid cell has 46 chromosomes
- A human haploid cell has 23 chromosomes
- The four types of asexual reproduction are binary fission budding, mitosis, and parthenogenesis
- Pathogenesis is the development of an egg into an embryo without fertilization
6
Q
- What is the function of an osteoclast?
2. What is the function of an osteoblast?
A
- Osteoclasts are involved bone reabsorption
2. Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation
7
Q
- What is peristalsis?
- What two sphincters separate the stomach from the rest of the alimentary canal?
- What are the three segments of the small intestine?
A
- Peristalsis is defines s the wave-like contractions that propel through the digestive tract
- the cardiac and gastroesophageal sphincter and the pyloric sphincter
- the small intestine is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
8
Q
- What are the four types of blood types?
- Which blood type is considered be a universal donor? What type is the universal recipient?
- What is the Rh factor? How can the Rh factor complicate pregnancy?
A
- The four blood types are A, B, AB, & O
- Type O blood is considered to be a universal donor. Type AB blood is considered to be a universal recipient
- The Rh factor is an antigen on the surface of the RBCs. Following the birth of an Rh+ child, an Rh- mother develops antibodies to the Rh factor. These antibodies can attach the blood cells of any future Rh+ fetuses carried by the mother
9
Q
- What is the primary purpose of the kidney?
- Where are amino acids, glucose, and vitamins reabsorbed in the nephron
- Where in the loop of Henley does water passively diffuse out?
- (T/F) Water passively diffuses into the ascending limb
A
- The primary purpose of the kidney its regulate salt and water concentrations in the blood
- Amino acids, glucose, and vitamins are reabsorbed into proximal convoluted tubule
- Water passively diffuses out of the descending limb
- False, the ascending limb is impermeable to water
10
Q
- Name the three types of hormones recreated by the adrenal cortex
- What is the function of cortisol?
- What important mineralocorticoid is released by the adrenal cortex?
A
- The three types of hormones are glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and cortical sex hormones.
- Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that increases the blood’s glucose level
- Aldesterone is an important mineralocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex
11
Q
- (T/F) Dorsal root ganglia house the cell bodies of sensory root fibers
- Illustrate the hierarchy of the divisions of the peripheral nervous system
A
- True
- PNS - sensory - motor - somatic - automatic - parasympathetic sympathetic
12
Q
- (T/F) Females can express a sex-linked recessive trait
2. What is nondisjunction?
A
- True, a female carrier and a male with a recessive trait will have 25% chance of giving birth to a female chile with a recessive trait
- Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes (or sister chromatids) to separate properly during cellular reproduction
