Biology Flashcards
THE STUDY OF THE LIVING WORLD IS REFERRED TO AS:
biology
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION (largest to smallest)
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, cells, and molecules
WHAT ARE THE CHARATERISTICS OF ALL LIVING THINGS?
growth and development, response to environment, ability to reproduce.
WHAT ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT FOR THE METRIC SYSTEM?
gram, meter, liter
THE ____________ IS THE BASIC UNIT OF MATTER.
atom
THE CENTER OF AN ATOM IS ALSO CALLED THE __________.
nucleus
WHAT CHARGE DOES A PROTON HAVE?
positive charge
WHAT CHARGE DOES AN ELECTRON HAVE?
negative charge
WHAT SUBATOMIC PARTICLES ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM?
neutrons and protons
ELECTRONS CAN BE FOUND:
In the space surrounding the nucleus
AN ATOM OF AN ELEMENT THAT HAS THE SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS, BUT A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS IS AN ____.
isotope
HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE CO2.
one atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen
A _______BOND IS FORMED WHEN ONE OR MORE ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER.
ionic
A _________ BOND IS FORMED BY THE SHARING OF ELECTRONS.
covalent
A LOGICAL INTERPRETATION BASED ON PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OR EXPERIENCE IS CALLED AN:
inference
WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
observe something, form a hypothesis, experiment and collect data, form a conclusion, share your findings with others.
GATHERING INFORMATION RESULTS IN:
data
A ________ EXPERIMENT IS ONE IN WHICH A SINGLE VARIABLE IS TESTED.
controlled
THE VARIABLE THAT IS DELIBERATELY CHANGED IS CALLED THE:
manipulated variable/independent
THE VARIABLE THAT IS OBSERVED AND BEING TESTED IS THE:
responding variable/dependent
A WELL-TESTED EXPLANATION THAT UNIFIES A BROAD RANGE OF OBSERVATIONS IS CALLED A:
theory
A PROPOSED SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION FOR A SET OF OBSERVATIONS IS CALLED A:
hypothesis
A HYPOTHESIS IS USEFUL WHEN IT CAN BE:
tested
THE ENERGY NEEDED TO GET A REACTION STARTED IS CALLED THE:
Activation Energy
WHAT DOES A CATALYST DO?
Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
WHEN ORGANISMS KEEP THEIR INTERNAL CONDITIONS PRETTY CONSTANT IT IS CALLED:
homeostasis
TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS COMBINED IS CALLED A __________.
compound
THESE ARE FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE, AND ARE MADE UP OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM:
elements
IN THE EQUATION A + B —–>AB, THE LEFT SIDE OF THE EQUATION IS THE
reactants
IN THE EQUATION A + B —–>AB, TEH RIGHT SIDE OF THE EQUATION IS THE ____________________
products
THE UNEQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS CAUSES A MOLECULE TO BE ________________.
polar
THE ATTRATION BETWEEN MOLECULES OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES IS CALLED:
adhesion
THE ATTRATION BETWEEN MOLECULES OF THE SAME SUBSTANCE IS CALLED:
cohesion
A MATERIAL COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS THAT ARE PHYSICALLY MIXED TOGETHER ARE CALLED:
mixtures
A ______________ IS A EVENLY DISTRIBUTED MIXTURE FO TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES.
solution
SALT WATER IS AN EXAMPLE OF A _________________.
solution
A SOLUTION IS ANOTHER NAME FOR A ________ MIXTURE.
homogeneous
IN A SOLUTION THE SUBSTANCE BEING DISSOLVED IS THE ____________.
solute
IN A SOLUTION THE SUBSTANCE DOING THE DISSOLVING IS CALLED THE _____________.
solvent
ON A pH SCALE ___________ SOLUTIONS HAVE A pH BELOW 7.
acidic
ON A pH SCALE ____________ SOLUTIONS HAVE A pH ABOVE 7.
basic
____________ ARE WEAK ACIDS OR BASES THAT CAN REACT WITH STRONG ACIDS OR BASES TO PREVENT SUDDEN CHANGES IN pH.
buffers
TRUE OR FALSE-ENZYMES WORK AT EVERY TEMPERATURE?
false-slow down at lower temperatures or too high of temperatures
THE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
WHAT ORGANIC GROUP IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR HUMANS.
carbohydrates
_______________ ARE USED TO STORE ENERGY, AND ARE IMPORTANT PARTS OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES.
lipids
A MONOSACCHARIDE IS A:
carbohydrate
______________ STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREIDITARY, OR GENETIC INFORMATION.
nucleic acids
WHAT ORGANIC GROUP IS USED FOR GROWTH AND REPAIR?
protein
WHAT ORGANIC GROUP IS USED TO CLASSIFY FATS, OILS, AND WAXES?
lipids
WHAT DOES THE STOMACH PRODUCE TO HELP DIGEST FOOD?
acid
WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES?
They work best at a specified pH, they are temperature dependent, they are proteins, they can be denatured.
_________ SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN CELLS.
enzymes
WHO CAME UP WITH THE FIRST PERIODIC TABLE?
Mendeleev
WHAT TYPE OF MIXTURE IS A SALAD?
A heterogeneous mixture
WHAT TYPE OF MIXTURE IS SALT WATER?
A homogeneous mixture
WHAT IS OIL AND WATER AN EXAMPLE OF?
A suspension
MILK IS AN EXAMPLE OF A ___________.
colloid
WHAT DOES THE LAW OF THE CONSERVATION OF MATTER STATE?
That matter cannot be created nor destroyed only rearranged
A _____________MICROSCOPE CAN MAGNIFY IMAGES UP TO 100 TIMES.
compound light
A __________ IS AN INSTRUMENT THAT SPINS TEST TUBES CAUSING CELLS TO SEPERATE.
centrifuge
______________ ALLOWS CELLS TO PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS.
cell specialization
The cell organelle in charge of storage?
VACUOLE
Which organelles split themselves in 1/2 to digest dead cells or cell invaders?
LYSOSOMES
Which organelle rips the cell apart during cell division?
CENTRIOLES
What organelle is the cell boundary?
CELL MEMBRANE
What 2 organelles are found in a plant cell, but not an animal cell?
CHLOROPLASTS AND CELL WALL
What gives a cell its shape?
CELL MEMBRANE AND WATER
Who discovered cells?
HOOKE
What is the name for a cell that does not have a nucleus?
PROKARYOTE
What is the name for a cell that does have a nucleus?
EUKARYOTE
What is the smallest unit of life?
CELL
The process in which molecules move from an area of large concentration to an area of low concentration is:
DIFFUSION
Diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is called:
OSMOSIS
The concentration of solutes is the same on both the inside and the outside of a cell.
ISOTONIC
The concentration of solutes is greater outside of the cell, causes the cell to dry out.
HYPERTONIC
The concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell.
HYPOTONIC
A single-celled organism. Bacteria falls into this category.
UNICELLULAR
Organisms made up of many cells are classified as this:
MULTICELLULAR
An energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
The organelle in a cell that in charge of packaging and sorting proteins.
GOLGI APPARATUS
Which organelle provides the cell with energy?
MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS
What is the jellylike material that holds the organelles?
CYTOPLASM
What is the control structure of the nucleus?
NUCLEOLUS
The highway of the cell in charge of cell that transports materials.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
What is the main function of the cell wall?
SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
REGULATES WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL
What is diffusion?
THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION
What is the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Which means of particle transport requires energy from the cell?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What is osmosis?
THE DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE.
The process by which a cell takes material into the cell.
ENDOCYTOSIS
What are the levels of organization of multicellular organisms?
INDIVIDUAL CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, ORGAN SYSTEMS
A group of cells that perform a particular function is called a:
tissue
Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food are called:
AUTOTROPHS
Organisms that obtain energy from the food that they consume are called:
HETEROTROPHS
________________ is used by cells as their basic energy source.
ATP
When ATP loses a phosphate is becomes _____________.
ADP
