Bio Ch.21 Flashcards
What is a protist?
Usually a unicellular eukaryote that is not a plant, fungi, or animal
What are some characteristics of protists?
Eukaryotic (the first)
Unicellular
Asexual or sexual reproduction
Why does the classification of protists need to change?
Very diverse (some are more closely related to other kingdoms than protists)
Protists should be classified as ________ different kingdoms.
6
Describe the different movement methods of protists and the names of organisms that use each type
Amoeboid movement- cytoplasm projections- amoebas
Flagella- tail-like structures- flagellates (euglena)
Cilia- lots of short hair-like projections – ciliates (paramecium)
Passive- let environment move them (current in the water, wind, etc)
How can protists reproduce?
Asexually
Sexually (alternation of generations)
Why is conjugation important in certain protest species?
To increase genetic diversity
What does alternation of generations mean?
That the organism lives part of its life in the diploid stage, and some in a haploid stage
How are autotrophic protists important in many ecosystems? (Ecological roles)
Food source
Shelter
Nutrient recycling
Be able to list different types of autotrophic protists.
Red and brown algae
Euglena
Phytoplankton
dinoflagellates
What is an algal bloom and a red tide?
Algal bloom- overgrowth of algae because of nutrient influx…algae dies, dcomposers break down algae and use
all of the oxygen… no oxygen=fish die
Red tide- toxins released as dinoflagellates “eat” new nutrient introduced into water
In what 3 ways do heterotrophic protists obtain energy?
Collect and digest- amoebas surround food
Absorb from environment
Ciliates sweep food into gullet
What is a food vacuole and a gullet? What types of protists use each?
Food vacuole- vacuole created to store food molecules for a short time (amoebas, ciliates)
Gullet- indentation on one side of body that collects food and creates a food vacuole (ciliates)
What is a symbiotic relationship? What are the different types of symbiosis?
When 2 organisms live closely together
Mutualistic- both benefit
Parasitic- one benefits, the other is harmed
List 1 example of a mutualistic and parasitic relationship protists have with other organisms.
Mutualistic coral reefs and protists, termites and protest
Parasitic- protist and human (malaria) Plasmodium
Why are fungi important to the environment? Why are they important to humans?
Decomposers (recycle nutrients), relationships with plants to help them grow
Food, medicine
What characteristics do all (or most) fungi share? Which characteristics are like plants, which are like animals?
Multicellular, eukaryotes, cell walls with chitin, heterotrophs
Cell wall like plant
Heterotroph like animals
What are some common plant and human diseases caused by fungi?
Plant- corn smut, wheat rust
Human- ring worm, athlete’s foot
What are the 4 phyla of fungi?
- Club- basidiomycota
- Sac- ascomycota
- Common Molds- zygomycota
- Chyrids- chytridomycota
How are fungi classified?
By the way they reproduce and DNA
What are the main parts of a fungi? And what are their functions?
Fruiting body- part above ground, reproductive structure
Mycelium- made of mass of hypae below ground, thin filaments, absorb nutrients
Hyphae (and what are cross walls)- thin filaments one cell wide, absorb nutrients- cross walls separate hyphae
into “cells” but allow movement of cytoplasm and organelles from one area to another
How do fungi reproduce? (Know the +, - mating types)-
asexually- break off or spores and grow on its own
sexually- mating type nuclei go to same cell and create different haploid spores
Why do fairy rings form circles?
Because the fungus grows its fruiting bodies at the edge of the mycelium to try and increase the chance of
spores reaching an area rich in nutrients to grow
Lichens are composed of…… and list what each organism provides in the relationship
Algae or cyanobacteria and a fungus
Provides energy and provides water/minerals
