Biology Flashcards
Describe: Prokaryote.
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State the cell theory.
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Describe: Eukaryotes.
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Give examples of prokaryotes
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Give examples of eukaryotes
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Organelle
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State the organelles found in plant and animal cells
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
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Cytoplasm
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Cell membrane
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Nucleus
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Mitochondria
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Golgi bodies
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Vacuoles
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State the organelles found in plant cells only
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Vacuole (plant)
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Chloroplasts
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What dos cell division allow?
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What do all types of cells use to reproduce?
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What does a parent cell dividing result in?
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What is very important for each new cell to have?
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Asexual reproduction
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What type of reproduction can multicellular organisms do?
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Sexual reproduction
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What is different about parent cells or “gametes” from normal body cells?
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What do some parents cells undergo to produce gametes?
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What happens when two gametes combine?
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What are one of the main characteristics of life?
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What do plant and animal cells both need?
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Why is it important for cells to have lots of water?
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What must cells excrete?
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Why does the number of cells increase as an organism grows?
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Diffusion
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Concentration
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Osmosis
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Diffusion and osmosis take…
Time
What must be available for a cell to function properly?
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Why is it important that wastes products diffuse out of the cell quickly?
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What happens when a cell becomes too large?
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Your body replaces each red blood cell about every…
120 days
What do all organisms need to do to stay alive?
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What happens when a part of an organism is damaged?
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Where does cell division occur?
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What is cell division similar to?
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What are to parts of cell division?
Mitosis, and cytokinesis
What are the 3 reasons for cell division?
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Cytokinesis
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Cell division is…
Exponential or increasingly rapid
What does each cell division result in?
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Why is it important to have a high surface area to volume ratio?
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Does diffusion require energy?
No, because it occurs passively
Is mitosis a big or small part of the cell cycle?
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Describe: Interphase
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What types of cells go through cell division more often than others?
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Different types of cells also spend…
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Describe: Mitosis and name it’s phases. Remember PMAT*
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How many chromosomes do cells have?
4 chromosomes
Describe: Prophase
Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Metaphase
Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Anaphase
Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Telophase
Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Cytokinesis
Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Interphase
Draw and label a diagram
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What is an important part of maintaining cell health?
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What happens if a cell has a lot of damage?
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(Checkpoints in the cell cycle) A cell remains in interphase if…
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Describe the appearance and behaviours of normal cells vs. cancer cells.
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Describe: Unicellular organisms
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Describe: Multicellular organisms
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With respect to all cells remember that…
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What is the structure of cells related to?
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What else is related to a cell’s function?
Shape, size, numbers to organelles, and the biochemical composition of cells.
State some examples of related shape and size of cells.
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State some examples of function related to organelles.
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Describe when and how cells specialize in humans?
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List the hierarchy of components in animals. And think about where stem cells might be located in this list and why.
Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system
Tissues
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Organ
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Organ system
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Name the 4 types of tissues.
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Epithelial tissue
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Connective tissue
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Muscle tissue
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Nervous tissue
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Describe: Stem cells
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Describe: Embryonic stem cells
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Describe: Tissue stem cells
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Mouth
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Esophagus
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Stomach
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Small intestine
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Large intestine
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Anus
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Define and list the structures the use: Physical digestion
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Define and list the structures that use: Chemical Digestion
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What are the 4 substances that are added to food in the digestive tract?
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What us a disease that results from a problem in the digestive system?
Colitis (expand)
What is function of the circulatory system?
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What are substances that are carried away by the circulatory system?
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What systems do the circulatory system interact with?
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What systems do the digestive system interact with?
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What is an angiogram and how is it different from a regular X-Ray?
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Describe: Blood and the type of tissue it is.
..
Describe: Cells and the type of tissue it is.
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Describe: The heart and the type of tissue it is.
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Describe: Blood vessels and what type of tissue it is.
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How is cardiac muscle different from stomach muscle?
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State diseases associated with the circulatory system.
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How many times do you breathe in and out on average each minute? When does this rate increase?
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How many litres of air dies the average person move in and out of their lungs each day?
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Respiratory system
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What other system does the respiratory system rely on and interact with?
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Draw or describe how materials nice through the respiratory system and the rest if the body.
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What does the respiratory system consists of?
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Describe how air enters the lungs.
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What do cilia help do?
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What do bronchi do?
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Describe: Trachea
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Cartilage
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What is the main purpose of gas exchange?
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Describe: Gas exchange
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Alveolus
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What do oxygen and CO2 have only to diffuse through two…
.
The concentration of oxygen in the blood that flows through the lungs is amazed less than the concentration of oxygen in the air in the…
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Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide mice thorough the respiratory system.
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Is breathing voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
What is breathing controlled by?
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Describe how breathing works?
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Describe the respiratory system in other animals such as fish.
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Describe and state diseases of the respiratory system.
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Since when has tissue and or organ transplantation been performed?
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When was the first successful organ transplantation performed? What organ was it?
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List the successfully transplanted organs.
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List the successfully transported tissues.
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Can all transplantation be done on living donors?
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What are the benefits and risks of organ transplantation?
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Describe: Living Donor Organs and transplantation
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Describe: Deceased donor organs and transplantation
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Xenotransplantation
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Musculoskeletal system
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List the structural feature of the musculoskeletal system.
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What does the skeleton consists of?
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Bone tissue
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Canals
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Ligaments
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Cartilage
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Muscle
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What is the main role of the skeleton?
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What types of movements do we use skeptical muscle for?
Voluntary movements of the body, such as walking.
Describe how muscles make bones move.
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State problems and diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system.
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Describe the skeletal system in other animals.
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State and define the nervous system.
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What do sensory receptors do?
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What are some problems and diseases associated with the nervous system?
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What are the components of the nervous system?
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Describe each component of the nervous system.
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State three interactions of their fan systems within the mammal.
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What organ system interacts the most with the other systems? Why?
Circulatory system
What are the two systems amphibians use for gas exchange?
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What does the hierarchy of structures in plants describe?
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State the hierarchy of structures in plants.
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What are the two main differences between plants and animals?
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What do differences in plants and animals suggest?
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What are the 3 types of tissue systems in plants?
Dermal tissue system
Vascular tissue system
Ground tissue system
Dermal tissue system
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Vascular tissue system
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Ground tissue system
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What is the main photosynthetic structure of the plant?
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What are some leaves adapted for?
Support, protection, attraction, and reproduction
Describe the stem.
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Root system
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What is the primary function of a flower?
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What are the ways plants carry out reproduction?
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What is the purpose of cell division in plants?
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What are some other types of tissue in a plant?
Epidermal tissue (epidermis) Periderm tissue
What is the function of the xylem?
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Why is it important for a leaf to be waterproof?
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What direction of the movement of water and minerals on Xylem?
Upwards
Describe the palisade layer.
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Describe the spongy mesophyll.
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Cuticle and guard cells
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Describe the differences in cell division between plant and animal cells.
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Apical meristem
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Lateral meristem
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How can roots push through soil?
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What does the inner lateral meristem do?
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What is similar to embryonic stem cells in plants?
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