Biology Flashcards
0
Q
Describe: Prokaryote.
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1
Q
State the cell theory.
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2
Q
Describe: Eukaryotes.
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3
Q
Give examples of prokaryotes
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4
Q
Give examples of eukaryotes
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5
Q
Organelle
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6
Q
State the organelles found in plant and animal cells
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7
Q
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
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8
Q
Cytoplasm
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9
Q
Cell membrane
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10
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Nucleus
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11
Q
Mitochondria
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12
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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13
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Golgi bodies
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14
Q
Vacuoles
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15
Q
State the organelles found in plant cells only
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16
Q
Vacuole (plant)
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17
Q
Chloroplasts
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18
Q
What dos cell division allow?
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19
Q
What do all types of cells use to reproduce?
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20
Q
What does a parent cell dividing result in?
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21
Q
What is very important for each new cell to have?
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22
Q
Asexual reproduction
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23
Q
What type of reproduction can multicellular organisms do?
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Sexual reproduction
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What is different about parent cells or "gametes" from normal body cells?
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What do some parents cells undergo to produce gametes?
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What happens when two gametes combine?
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28
What are one of the main characteristics of life?
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What do plant and animal cells both need?
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30
Why is it important for cells to have lots of water?
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What must cells excrete?
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Why does the number of cells increase as an organism grows?
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Diffusion
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Concentration
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Osmosis
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Diffusion and osmosis take...
Time
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What must be available for a cell to function properly?
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Why is it important that wastes products diffuse out of the cell quickly?
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39
What happens when a cell becomes too large?
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40
Your body replaces each red blood cell about every...
120 days
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What do all organisms need to do to stay alive?
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What happens when a part of an organism is damaged?
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Where does cell division occur?
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What is cell division similar to?
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What are to parts of cell division?
Mitosis, and cytokinesis
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What are the 3 reasons for cell division?
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Cytokinesis
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Cell division is...
Exponential or increasingly rapid
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What does each cell division result in?
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50
Why is it important to have a high surface area to volume ratio?
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51
Does diffusion require energy?
No, because it occurs passively
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Is mitosis a big or small part of the cell cycle?
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53
Describe: Interphase
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54
What types of cells go through cell division more often than others?
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Different types of cells also spend...
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56
Describe: Mitosis and name it's phases. Remember PMAT*
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57
How many chromosomes do cells have?
4 chromosomes
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Describe: Prophase
| Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Metaphase
| Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Anaphase
| Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Telophase
| Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Cytokinesis
| Draw and label a diagram
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Describe: Interphase
| Draw and label a diagram
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What is an important part of maintaining cell health?
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What happens if a cell has a lot of damage?
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(Checkpoints in the cell cycle) A cell remains in interphase if...
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67
Describe the appearance and behaviours of normal cells vs. cancer cells.
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Describe: Unicellular organisms
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Describe: Multicellular organisms
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With respect to all cells remember that...
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71
What is the structure of cells related to?
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72
What else is related to a cell's function?
Shape, size, numbers to organelles, and the biochemical composition of cells.
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State some examples of related shape and size of cells.
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State some examples of function related to organelles.
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75
Describe when and how cells specialize in humans?
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76
List the hierarchy of components in animals. And think about where stem cells might be located in this list and why.
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Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
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Tissues
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Organ
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Organ system
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Name the 4 types of tissues.
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Epithelial tissue
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Connective tissue
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Muscle tissue
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Nervous tissue
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Describe: Stem cells
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Describe: Embryonic stem cells
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Describe: Tissue stem cells
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Mouth
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Esophagus
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Stomach
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Small intestine
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Large intestine
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Anus
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Define and list the structures the use: Physical digestion
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Define and list the structures that use: Chemical Digestion
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96
What are the 4 substances that are added to food in the digestive tract?
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97
What us a disease that results from a problem in the digestive system?
Colitis (expand)
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What is function of the circulatory system?
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What are substances that are carried away by the circulatory system?
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What systems do the circulatory system interact with?
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What systems do the digestive system interact with?
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102
What is an angiogram and how is it different from a regular X-Ray?
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103
Describe: Blood and the type of tissue it is.
..
104
Describe: Cells and the type of tissue it is.
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105
Describe: The heart and the type of tissue it is.
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Describe: Blood vessels and what type of tissue it is.
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107
How is cardiac muscle different from stomach muscle?
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108
State diseases associated with the circulatory system.
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109
How many times do you breathe in and out on average each minute? When does this rate increase?
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110
How many litres of air dies the average person move in and out of their lungs each day?
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111
Respiratory system
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112
What other system does the respiratory system rely on and interact with?
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113
Draw or describe how materials nice through the respiratory system and the rest if the body.
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114
What does the respiratory system consists of?
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Describe how air enters the lungs.
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What do cilia help do?
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What do bronchi do?
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Describe: Trachea
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Cartilage
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120
What is the main purpose of gas exchange?
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Describe: Gas exchange
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Alveolus
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What do oxygen and CO2 have only to diffuse through two...
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124
The concentration of oxygen in the blood that flows through the lungs is amazed less than the concentration of oxygen in the air in the...
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125
Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide mice thorough the respiratory system.
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126
Is breathing voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
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What is breathing controlled by?
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128
Describe how breathing works?
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Describe the respiratory system in other animals such as fish.
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Describe and state diseases of the respiratory system.
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131
Since when has tissue and or organ transplantation been performed?
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132
When was the first successful organ transplantation performed? What organ was it?
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List the successfully transplanted organs.
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List the successfully transported tissues.
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Can all transplantation be done on living donors?
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What are the benefits and risks of organ transplantation?
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Describe: Living Donor Organs and transplantation
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Describe: Deceased donor organs and transplantation
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139
Xenotransplantation
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140
Musculoskeletal system
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141
List the structural feature of the musculoskeletal system.
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142
What does the skeleton consists of?
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143
Bone tissue
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144
Canals
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Ligaments
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Cartilage
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Muscle
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148
What is the main role of the skeleton?
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149
What types of movements do we use skeptical muscle for?
Voluntary movements of the body, such as walking.
150
Describe how muscles make bones move.
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151
State problems and diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system.
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152
Describe the skeletal system in other animals.
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153
State and define the nervous system.
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154
What do sensory receptors do?
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What are some problems and diseases associated with the nervous system?
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156
What are the components of the nervous system?
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157
Describe each component of the nervous system.
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158
State three interactions of their fan systems within the mammal.
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159
What organ system interacts the most with the other systems? Why?
Circulatory system
160
What are the two systems amphibians use for gas exchange?
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161
What does the hierarchy of structures in plants describe?
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162
State the hierarchy of structures in plants.
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163
What are the two main differences between plants and animals?
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164
What do differences in plants and animals suggest?
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165
What are the 3 types of tissue systems in plants?
Dermal tissue system
Vascular tissue system
Ground tissue system
166
Dermal tissue system
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167
Vascular tissue system
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168
Ground tissue system
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169
What is the main photosynthetic structure of the plant?
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170
What are some leaves adapted for?
Support, protection, attraction, and reproduction
171
Describe the stem.
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172
Root system
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173
What is the primary function of a flower?
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174
What are the ways plants carry out reproduction?
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175
What is the purpose of cell division in plants?
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176
What are some other types of tissue in a plant?
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Epidermal tissue (epidermis)
Periderm tissue
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177
What is the function of the xylem?
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178
Why is it important for a leaf to be waterproof?
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179
What direction of the movement of water and minerals on Xylem?
Upwards
180
Describe the palisade layer.
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181
Describe the spongy mesophyll.
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182
Cuticle and guard cells
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183
Describe the differences in cell division between plant and animal cells.
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184
Apical meristem
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185
Lateral meristem
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186
How can roots push through soil?
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187
What does the inner lateral meristem do?
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188
What is similar to embryonic stem cells in plants?
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