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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Describe: Prokaryote.

A

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1
Q

State the cell theory.

A

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2
Q

Describe: Eukaryotes.

A

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3
Q

Give examples of prokaryotes

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4
Q

Give examples of eukaryotes

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5
Q

Organelle

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6
Q

State the organelles found in plant and animal cells

A

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7
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

A

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Cell membrane

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10
Q

Nucleus

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11
Q

Mitochondria

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12
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

Golgi bodies

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14
Q

Vacuoles

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15
Q

State the organelles found in plant cells only

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16
Q

Vacuole (plant)

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17
Q

Chloroplasts

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18
Q

What dos cell division allow?

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19
Q

What do all types of cells use to reproduce?

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20
Q

What does a parent cell dividing result in?

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21
Q

What is very important for each new cell to have?

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22
Q

Asexual reproduction

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23
Q

What type of reproduction can multicellular organisms do?

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24
Q

Sexual reproduction

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25
Q

What is different about parent cells or “gametes” from normal body cells?

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26
Q

What do some parents cells undergo to produce gametes?

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27
Q

What happens when two gametes combine?

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28
Q

What are one of the main characteristics of life?

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29
Q

What do plant and animal cells both need?

A

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30
Q

Why is it important for cells to have lots of water?

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31
Q

What must cells excrete?

A

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32
Q

Why does the number of cells increase as an organism grows?

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33
Q

Diffusion

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34
Q

Concentration

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35
Q

Osmosis

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36
Q

Diffusion and osmosis take…

A

Time

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37
Q

What must be available for a cell to function properly?

A

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38
Q

Why is it important that wastes products diffuse out of the cell quickly?

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39
Q

What happens when a cell becomes too large?

A

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40
Q

Your body replaces each red blood cell about every…

A

120 days

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41
Q

What do all organisms need to do to stay alive?

A

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42
Q

What happens when a part of an organism is damaged?

A

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43
Q

Where does cell division occur?

A

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44
Q

What is cell division similar to?

A

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45
Q

What are to parts of cell division?

A

Mitosis, and cytokinesis

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46
Q

What are the 3 reasons for cell division?

A

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47
Q

Cytokinesis

A

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48
Q

Cell division is…

A

Exponential or increasingly rapid

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49
Q

What does each cell division result in?

A

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50
Q

Why is it important to have a high surface area to volume ratio?

A

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51
Q

Does diffusion require energy?

A

No, because it occurs passively

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52
Q

Is mitosis a big or small part of the cell cycle?

A

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53
Q

Describe: Interphase

A

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54
Q

What types of cells go through cell division more often than others?

A

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55
Q

Different types of cells also spend…

A

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56
Q

Describe: Mitosis and name it’s phases. Remember PMAT*

A

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57
Q

How many chromosomes do cells have?

A

4 chromosomes

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58
Q

Describe: Prophase

Draw and label a diagram

A

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59
Q

Describe: Metaphase

Draw and label a diagram

A

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60
Q

Describe: Anaphase

Draw and label a diagram

A

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61
Q

Describe: Telophase

Draw and label a diagram

A

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62
Q

Describe: Cytokinesis

Draw and label a diagram

A

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63
Q

Describe: Interphase

Draw and label a diagram

A

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64
Q

What is an important part of maintaining cell health?

A

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65
Q

What happens if a cell has a lot of damage?

A

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66
Q

(Checkpoints in the cell cycle) A cell remains in interphase if…

A

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67
Q

Describe the appearance and behaviours of normal cells vs. cancer cells.

A

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68
Q

Describe: Unicellular organisms

A

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69
Q

Describe: Multicellular organisms

A

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70
Q

With respect to all cells remember that…

A

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71
Q

What is the structure of cells related to?

A

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72
Q

What else is related to a cell’s function?

A

Shape, size, numbers to organelles, and the biochemical composition of cells.

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73
Q

State some examples of related shape and size of cells.

A

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74
Q

State some examples of function related to organelles.

A

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75
Q

Describe when and how cells specialize in humans?

A

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76
Q

List the hierarchy of components in animals. And think about where stem cells might be located in this list and why.

A 
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
77
Q

Tissues

A

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78
Q

Organ

A

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79
Q

Organ system

A

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80
Q

Name the 4 types of tissues.

A

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81
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

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82
Q

Connective tissue

A

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83
Q

Muscle tissue

A

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84
Q

Nervous tissue

A

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85
Q

Describe: Stem cells

A

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86
Q

Describe: Embryonic stem cells

A

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87
Q

Describe: Tissue stem cells

A

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88
Q

Mouth

A

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89
Q

Esophagus

A

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90
Q

Stomach

A

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91
Q

Small intestine

A

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92
Q

Large intestine

A

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93
Q

Anus

A

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94
Q

Define and list the structures the use: Physical digestion

A

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95
Q

Define and list the structures that use: Chemical Digestion

A

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96
Q

What are the 4 substances that are added to food in the digestive tract?

A

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97
Q

What us a disease that results from a problem in the digestive system?

A

Colitis (expand)

98
Q

What is function of the circulatory system?

A

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99
Q

What are substances that are carried away by the circulatory system?

A

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100
Q

What systems do the circulatory system interact with?

A

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101
Q

What systems do the digestive system interact with?

A

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102
Q

What is an angiogram and how is it different from a regular X-Ray?

A

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103
Q

Describe: Blood and the type of tissue it is.

A

..

104
Q

Describe: Cells and the type of tissue it is.

A

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105
Q

Describe: The heart and the type of tissue it is.

A

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106
Q

Describe: Blood vessels and what type of tissue it is.

A

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107
Q

How is cardiac muscle different from stomach muscle?

A

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108
Q

State diseases associated with the circulatory system.

A

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109
Q

How many times do you breathe in and out on average each minute? When does this rate increase?

A

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110
Q

How many litres of air dies the average person move in and out of their lungs each day?

A

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111
Q

Respiratory system

A

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112
Q

What other system does the respiratory system rely on and interact with?

A

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113
Q

Draw or describe how materials nice through the respiratory system and the rest if the body.

A

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114
Q

What does the respiratory system consists of?

A

.

115
Q

Describe how air enters the lungs.

A

.

116
Q

What do cilia help do?

A

.

117
Q

What do bronchi do?

A

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118
Q

Describe: Trachea

A

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119
Q

Cartilage

A

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120
Q

What is the main purpose of gas exchange?

A

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121
Q

Describe: Gas exchange

A

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122
Q

Alveolus

A

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123
Q

What do oxygen and CO2 have only to diffuse through two…

A

.

124
Q

The concentration of oxygen in the blood that flows through the lungs is amazed less than the concentration of oxygen in the air in the…

A

.

125
Q

Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide mice thorough the respiratory system.

A

.

126
Q

Is breathing voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

127
Q

What is breathing controlled by?

A

.

128
Q

Describe how breathing works?

A

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129
Q

Describe the respiratory system in other animals such as fish.

A

.

130
Q

Describe and state diseases of the respiratory system.

A

.

131
Q

Since when has tissue and or organ transplantation been performed?

A

.

132
Q

When was the first successful organ transplantation performed? What organ was it?

A

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133
Q

List the successfully transplanted organs.

A

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134
Q

List the successfully transported tissues.

A

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135
Q

Can all transplantation be done on living donors?

A

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136
Q

What are the benefits and risks of organ transplantation?

A

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137
Q

Describe: Living Donor Organs and transplantation

A

.

138
Q

Describe: Deceased donor organs and transplantation

A

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139
Q

Xenotransplantation

A

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140
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

.

141
Q

List the structural feature of the musculoskeletal system.

A

.

142
Q

What does the skeleton consists of?

A

.

143
Q

Bone tissue

A

.

144
Q

Canals

A

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145
Q

Ligaments

A

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146
Q

Cartilage

A

.

147
Q

Muscle

A

.

148
Q

What is the main role of the skeleton?

A

.

149
Q

What types of movements do we use skeptical muscle for?

A

Voluntary movements of the body, such as walking.

150
Q

Describe how muscles make bones move.

A

.

151
Q

State problems and diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system.

A

.

152
Q

Describe the skeletal system in other animals.

A

.

153
Q

State and define the nervous system.

A

.

154
Q

What do sensory receptors do?

A

.

155
Q

What are some problems and diseases associated with the nervous system?

A

.

156
Q

What are the components of the nervous system?

A

.

157
Q

Describe each component of the nervous system.

A

.

158
Q

State three interactions of their fan systems within the mammal.

A

.

159
Q

What organ system interacts the most with the other systems? Why?

A

Circulatory system

160
Q

What are the two systems amphibians use for gas exchange?

A

.

161
Q

What does the hierarchy of structures in plants describe?

A

.

162
Q

State the hierarchy of structures in plants.

A

.

163
Q

What are the two main differences between plants and animals?

A

.

164
Q

What do differences in plants and animals suggest?

A

.

165
Q

What are the 3 types of tissue systems in plants?

A

Dermal tissue system
Vascular tissue system
Ground tissue system

166
Q

Dermal tissue system

A

.

167
Q

Vascular tissue system

A

.

168
Q

Ground tissue system

A

.

169
Q

What is the main photosynthetic structure of the plant?

A

.

170
Q

What are some leaves adapted for?

A

Support, protection, attraction, and reproduction

171
Q

Describe the stem.

A

.

172
Q

Root system

A

.

173
Q

What is the primary function of a flower?

A

.

174
Q

What are the ways plants carry out reproduction?

A

.

175
Q

What is the purpose of cell division in plants?

A

.

176
Q

What are some other types of tissue in a plant?

A 
Epidermal tissue (epidermis)
Periderm tissue
177
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

.

178
Q

Why is it important for a leaf to be waterproof?

A

.

179
Q

What direction of the movement of water and minerals on Xylem?

A

Upwards

180
Q

Describe the palisade layer.

A

.

181
Q

Describe the spongy mesophyll.

A

.

182
Q

Cuticle and guard cells

A

.

183
Q

Describe the differences in cell division between plant and animal cells.

A

.

184
Q

Apical meristem

A

.

185
Q

Lateral meristem

A

.

186
Q

How can roots push through soil?

A

.

187
Q

What does the inner lateral meristem do?

A

.

188
Q

What is similar to embryonic stem cells in plants?

A

.

Grade 10 Science Flashcards (11 decks)

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