Biology 3 - Blood and circulation

Question 1

Which scientist discovered that blood is pumped around the body?

Answer 1

William Harvey

Question 2

Name the stages of the human circulatory system

Answer 2

Heart-body-(blood deoxygenated)-back to heart-lungs-(blood oxygenated)-back to heart

Question 3

Which (blood) circulation pumps blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart?

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation

Question 4

Which (blood) circulation pumps blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart?

Answer 4

Systemic circulation

Question 5

Describe the differences between red and white blood cells

Answer 5

Red- no nucleus, smaller, regular disc shape

White- nucleus, irregular shape, larger

Question 6

Purpose of red blood cell?

Answer 6

Carries oxygen around the body

Question 7

Purpose of white blood cell?

Answer 7

Defends body against pathogens

Question 8

Why is a red blood cell red?

Answer 8

Contains a pigment called haemoglobin

Question 9

Two types of white blood cell and what they do

Answer 9

Phagocytes- ingest and digest foreign cells

Lymphocytes- produce antibodies and antitoxins

Question 10

Explain how platelets work

Answer 10

Prevent bleeding and blood loss by clotting the blood and hardening to form a scab- this also prevents infections by keeping pathogens out

Question 11

What’s the plasma in the blood for?

Answer 11

Carries dissolved substances
•waste eg CO2
•soluble food molecules eg amino acids and glucose
•hormones
•antibodies
•mineral salts

Question 12

Name the muscle the heart is made of

Answer 12

Cardiac muscle

Question 13

Name the blood vessels on the outside of the heart

Answer 13

Coronary arteries (supply glucose and oxygen to heart muscle)

Question 14

How do heart attacks occur?

Answer 14

Blood clot in coronary artery-can’t get enough oxygen through-heart attack

Question 15

In the heart, what do the valves do?

Answer 15

Prevent backflow when the ventricles relax and contract

Question 16

What does the aorta do?

Answer 16

Carries blood round the body

Question 17

What does the pulmonary vein do?

Answer 17

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 18

What’s on the left side of the heart?

Answer 18

Aorta 
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Valves
Left ventricle

Question 19

What’s on the right side of the heart?

Answer 19

Pulmonary artery
Vena cava 
Right atrium 
Right ventricle
Valves

Question 20

What does the vena cava do?

Answer 20

Carries blood from the body back to the heart

Question 21

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 21

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 22

Why do the atria have thin walls?

Answer 22

Only pump blood to ventricles

Question 23

Why do ventricles have thick walls?

Answer 23

Have to pump blood out of the heart

Question 24

Which ventricle has thicker walls and why?

Answer 24

Left because it has to pump blood to all parts of the body opposed to just the lungs

Question 25

What’s the difference between an artery and a vein?

Answer 25

Arteries carry blood away from heart (thick walls)

Veins carry blood to the heart (thin walls-low pressure)

Question 26

What are capillaries?

Answer 26

Smallest blood vessels help carry blood everywhere (thin walls to allow diffusion)